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31. (A), (B), (C)ÀÇ °¢ ³×¸ð ¾È¿¡¼ ¹®¸Æ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ³¹¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?
Anxiety has a damaging effect on mental performance of all kinds. It is in one sense a useful response gone awry ¡ª an overly zealous mental preparation for an anticipated threat. But such mental rehearsal is (A) disastrous / constructive cognitive static when it becomes trapped in a stale routine that captures attention, intruding on all other attempts to focus elsewhere. Anxiety undermines the intellect. In a complex, intellectually demanding and high-pressure task such as that of air traffic controllers, for example, having chronically high anxiety is an almost sure predictor that a person will eventually fail in training or in the field. The anxious are more likely to fail even given (B) inferior / superior scores on intelligence tests, as a study of 1,790 students in training for air traffic control posts discovered. Anxiety also sabotages academic performance of all kinds: 126 different studies of more than 36,000 people found that the more (C) prone / resistant to anxieties a person is, the poorer his or her academic performance is. * go awry: ºø³ª°¡´Ù
¨ç disastrous ¡¦¡¦ inferior ¡¦¡¦ prone
¨è disastrous ¡¦¡¦ superior ¡¦¡¦ prone
¨é disastrous ¡¦¡¦ superior ¡¦¡¦ resistant
¨ê constructive ¡¦¡¦ inferior ¡¦¡¦ resistant
¨ë constructive ¡¦¡¦ superior ¡¦¡¦ resistant
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
(A)ÁöÀû´É·ÂÀ» ¾àȽÃŲ´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, disastrous(ÆĸêÀûÀÎ)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. constructive´Â ¡°°Ç¼³ÀûÀΡ±À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (B) °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼ºÀûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀûÀýÇϹǷÎ, superior(´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ)°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. inferior´Â ¡°´õ ¿µîÇÑ¡±À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. (C) Çо÷ ¼ºÃëµµ°¡ ´õ ºÎÁøÇÑ °ÍÀº ½±°Ô °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À̹ǷÎ, prone(°É¸®±â[ºüÁö±â] ½¬¿î)ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. resistant´Â ¡°ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â, ÀúÇ×·ÂÀÌ Àִ¡±À̶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [Anxiety has a damaging effect on mental performance of all kinds. It is (in one sense) a useful response (which is) gone awry ¡ª an overly zealous mental preparation for an anticipated threat.] ¡Øhave an effect on = have an influence on = have an impact on = affect = influence ~¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù ¡Øin one sense: ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼ ¡Øan overly zealous mental preparation :Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¿¼ºÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅÀû Áغñ»óÅ ¡æ °ÆÁ¤Àº ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ È°µ¿¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼ ½ÇÆзΠµ¹¾Æ°£ À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ ¦¡ ¿¹»óµÈ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¿¼ºÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅÀû ÁغñÀÌ´Ù.
¨è [But such mental rehearsal is disastrous cognitive static / when it becomes trapped / in a stale routine / that captures attention, / intruding on all other attempts / to focus elsewhere.] ¡Ødisastrous cognitive static: Æı«ÀûÀÎ ÀÎÁöÀû Á¤Áö»óÅ ¡Øa stale routine:ÁøºÎÇÑ ÀÏ»ó ¡Øintruding on all other attempts to focus elsewhere: ´Ù¸¥°÷¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ðµç ´Ù¸¥ ³ë·ÂÀ» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ¡æ ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀû ¿¹Ç࿬½ÀÀÌ ÁÖÀÇ·ÂÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ·Á´Â ¿Â°® ½Ãµµ¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ÁøºÎÇÑ ÀÏ»ó¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈú ¶§, ±×°ÍÀº ÆĸêÀûÀÎ ÀÎÁöÀû Á¤Áö»óÅ°¡ µÈ´Ù.
¨é [Anxiety undermines the intellect.] ¡Øundermine ħ½ÄÇÏ´Ù, ÈѼÕÇÏ´Ù ¡Øthe intellect ÁöÀû´É·Â ¢Ñ°ÆÁ¤Àº ÁöÀû´É·ÂÀ» ¾àȽÃŲ´Ù.
¨ê [In a complex, intellectually demanding and high-pressure task / such as that of air traffic controllers, for example, having chronically high anxiety is an almost sure predictor / that a person will eventually fail in training or in the field.] ¡Øsuch as that of air traffic controllers: Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç¿Í °°Àº ¾÷¹«(that = taskÀÓ¿¡ ÁÖÀÇ) ¡Øhaving chronically high anxiety:¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î Áö³ªÄ£ °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â °Í ¢Ñ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç¿Í °°ÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÏ°í ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î Èûµé°í ¾Ð¹ÚÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ ¾÷¹«¿¡¼´Â ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ °á±¹ ÈÆ·ÃÀ̳ª ½ÇÀü¿¡¼ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» °ÅÀÇ Á¤È®È÷ ¿¹¾ðÇÑ´Ù
¨ë [
The anxious are more likely to fail / [(,though they are) even
given superior scores on intelligence tests,] as a study of 1,790 students in training for air traffic control posts discovered.]
¡Ø
The anxious = anxious people: °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé ¡Ø
be likely to ~Çϱ⠽±´Ù, ~ÇÏ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡Øair traffic control posts:Ç×°ø ±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç
¢ÑÇ×°ø ±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ´Â 1,790¸íÀÇ Çлýµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ ¹àÇôÁø ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº Áö´É°Ë»ç¿¡¼ ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù.
¨ì [Anxiety also
sabotages academic performance of all kinds:
126 different studies of more than 36,000 people /
found that
the more prone to anxieties a person is,
the poorer his or her academic performance is.] ¡Øacademic performance:Çо÷(¼öÇà´É·Â)
¡Ø
the more~ , the poorer ¡æ the ºñ±³±Þ, the ºñ±³±Þ: ~Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ¿í ~ÇÏ´Ù ¡Ø
prone to ~¿¡ ºüÁö±â ½¬¿î
¢Ñ°ÆÁ¤Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Çо÷À» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù. 36,000¸í ³Ñ°Ô ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ 126°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸´Â °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ºüÁö±â ½¬¿î »ç¶÷Àϼö·Ï Çо÷ ¼ºÃëµµ°¡ ´õ ºÎÁøÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*anxiety ±Ù½É, °ÆÁ¤, ºÒ¾È *have an effect on = have an influence on = have an impact on = affect = influence ~¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù *response ¹ÝÀÀ * go awry[ǝrái] ºø³ª°¡´Ù *rehearsal ¿¹Ç࿬½À *anticipate ¿¹»óÇÏ´Ù, ¿¹°¨ÇÏ´Ù *threat À§Çù *zealous ¿±¤ÀûÀÎ *disastrous ºñÂüÇÑ, Àç³ÀÇ *constructive °Ç¼³ÀûÀÎ *cognitive ÀνÄÀÇ, ÀÎÁöÇÏ´Â *static °øÀü»óÅÂ, Á¤Áö»óÅÂ, °íÁ¤µÈ, Á¤ÁöµÈ *cognitive static:ÀÎÁöÀû Á¤Áö»óÅ *stale ÁøºÎÇÑ, »óÇØ°¡´Â, ½Å¼±ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº *stale routine ÁøºÎÇÑ ÀÏ»ó *intrude on ~¿¡ ³¢¾îµé´Ù, ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù *undermine ħ½ÄÇÏ´Ù, ÈѼÕÇÏ´Ù *the intellect ÁöÀû´É·Â *demanding Áö³ªÄ£ ¿ä±¸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â *air traffic controller Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç *chronically ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î *sabotage[sǽbǝtὰ¢°ʒ] °íÀÇ·Î ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù *prone to ~¿¡ ºüÁö±â ½¬¿î *resistant ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â, ÀúÇ×·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
°ÆÁ¤Àº ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ È°µ¿¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿î ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾î¶² ¸é¿¡¼ ½ÇÆзΠµ¹¾Æ°£ À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ ¦¡ ¿¹»óµÈ À§Çù¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¿¼ºÀûÀÎ Á¤½ÅÀû ÁغñÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤½ÅÀû ¿¹Ç࿬½ÀÀÌ ÁÖÀÇ·ÂÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÏ·Á´Â ¿Â°® ½Ãµµ¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ÁøºÎÇÑ ÀÏ»ó¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÈú ¶§, ±×°ÍÀº ÆĸêÀûÀÎ ÀÎÁöÀû Á¤Áö»óÅ°¡ µÈ´Ù. °ÆÁ¤Àº ÁöÀû´É·ÂÀ» ¾àȽÃŲ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ç×°ø±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç¿Í °°ÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÏ°í ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î Èûµé°í ¾Ð¹ÚÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ ¾÷¹«¿¡¼´Â ¸¸¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº °ÆÁ¤À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ °á±¹ ÈÆ·ÃÀ̳ª ½ÇÀü¿¡¼ ½ÇÆÐÇÒ °ÍÀÓÀ» °ÅÀÇ Á¤È®È÷ ¿¹¾ðÇÑ´Ù. Ç×°ø ±³Åë°üÁ¦»ç ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ´Â 1,790¸íÀÇ Çлýµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ ¹àÇôÁø ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ, °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº Áö´É°Ë»ç¿¡¼ ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. °ÆÁ¤Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ Çо÷À» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù. 36,000¸í ³Ñ°Ô ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ 126°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸´Â °ÆÁ¤¿¡ ºüÁö±â ½¬¿î »ç¶÷Àϼö·Ï Çо÷ ¼ºÃëµµ°¡ ´õ ºÎÁøÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
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