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By likening the eye to a camera, elementary biology textbooks help to produce a misleading impression of what perception entails. Only in terms of the physics of image formation do the eye and camera have anything in common. Both eye and camera have a lens that focuses light rays from the outside world into an image, and both have a means of adjusting the focus and brightness of that image. Both eye and camera have a light-sensitive layer onto which the image is cast (the retina and film, respectively). However, image formation is only the first step towards seeing. obscure the much more fundamental difference between the two, which is that the camera merely records an image, whereas the visual system interprets it. [3Á¡]
¨ç Apparent differences in the focusing power of a lens
¨è Superficial analogies between the eye and a camera
¨é Contrasts in light adaptation between the retina and film
¨ê Misunderstandings of image formation in the eye and a camera
¨ë Close relationships between image formation and interpretation
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó »çÀÌÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Â÷À̸¦ °¡¸®´Â °ÍÀº ù ¹®Àå¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¡®´«À» Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏ´Â °Í¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¡®´«À» Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏ´Â °Í¡¯À» ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ǥÇöÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, ¨è ¡®´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ ºñÀ¯¡¯°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç ·»ÁîÀÇ ÃÊÁ¡·Â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ºÐ¸íÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ ¨é ¸Á¸·°ú Çʸ§ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸í¼øÀÀ(Ù¥â÷ëë)¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¨ê ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡¼ »ó Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ ¨ë »ó Çü¼º°ú Çؼ® »çÀÌÀÇ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü°è
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [By likening the eye to a camera, elementary biology textbooks help to produce a misleading impression of what perception entails.] ¡Øelementary biology textbooks:ÃÊµî »ý¹°ÇÐ ±³°ú¼ ¡Øwhat perception entails: ÀνÄÀÌ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â °Í(what:°ü°è´ë¸í»ç) ¢Ñ´«À» Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±âÃÊ »ý¹°ÇÐ ±³°ú¼´Â ÀνÄÀÌ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À߸øµÈ ÀλóÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Âµ¥ ±â¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¨è [Only
in terms of the physics of image formation
do the eye and camera
have anything
in common.]
¡Ø
ºÎ»ç±¸+Á¶µ¿»ç+ÁÖ¾î+º»µ¿»ç ¼ø¼ÀÇ µµÄ¡±¸¹®À̳׿ä^^¡æ The eye and camera have anything in common only in terms of the physics of image formation. ¡Ø
in terms of ~ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ ¡Ø
have ~ in common ~°øÅëÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù
¢Ñ´ÜÁö »ó Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼¸¸ ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó´Â °øÅëµÈ °ÍÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¨é [Both eye and camera have a lens that
focuses light rays from the outside world
into an image, and both have a means of adjusting the focus and brightness of that image.]
¡Ø
focus ¨Í into ¨Î: ¨Í¸¦ ¨ÎÁýÁß½ÃÅ°´Ù ¡Ølight rays:±¤¼± ¡Ømeans:¼ö´Ü
¢Ñ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó µÑ ´Ù ¿ÜºÎ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¿Â ºûÀ» »ó¿¡ ÁýÁß½ÃÅ°´Â ·»Á Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ°í, µÑ ´Ù ÃÊÁ¡°ú ±× »óÀÇ ¸íµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ê [Both eye and camera have a light-sensitive layer
onto which the image is cast (the retina and film, respectively).]
¡Ø~
onto which the image is cast =
which the image is cast
onto. ¡Øwhich´Â a light-sensitive layer¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¡æ µÞºÎºÐÀ» Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ Ç®¾îº¸¸é the image is cast onto a light-sensitive layer (the retina and film, respectively) ¡æÁï À̹ÌÁö°¡ ºû¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ ¸·(°¢°¢ ¸Á¸·°ú Çʸ§)¿¡ ´øÁ®Áø´Ù(¸ÎÈù´Ù)´Â ÀǹÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¢Ñ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó µÑ ´Ù »óÀÌ ¸Î¾îÁö´Â ºû¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ ¸·(°¢°¢ ¸Á¸·°ú Çʸ§)À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ë [However, image formation is only the first step towards seeing.]
¢ÑÇÏÁö¸¸, »ó Çü¼ºÀº º¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â ´ÜÁö ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.
¨ì [Superficial analogies between the eye and a camera obscure the much more fundamental difference between the two, which is that the camera merely records an image, whereas the visual system interprets it.] ¡ØSuperficial analogies: ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ ºñÀ¯ ¡Øobscure È帮°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, °¡¸®´Ù ¡Ømuch more:ÈξÀ ´õ ¡Øwhich is that~: ¿©±â¼ which´Â °ü°è´ë¸í»ç °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ýÀ¸·Î and itÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾ÕÀÇ the much more fundamental difference between the two¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¢Ñ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ ºñÀ¯´Â µÑ »çÀÌÀÇ ÈξÀ ´õ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Â÷À̸¦ °¡¸®°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ±× Â÷ÀÌ´Â Ä«¸Þ¶ó´Â ´ÜÁö »óÀ» ±â·ÏÇÒ »ÓÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ½Ã°¢ ü°è´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*liken ºñÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù, °ßÁÖ´Ù *biology »ý¹°ÇÐ *misleading ¿ÀµµÇÏ´Â *entail ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Ù *perception ÀνÄ, Áö°¢ *in terms of ~ÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ * have ~ in common ~°øÅëÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù *light ray ±¤¼± *adjust ¸ÂÃß´Ù, Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù *layer ¸· *retina ¸Á¸· *respectively °¢°¢ *obscure °¡¸®´Ù, È帮°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ¾îµÎ¿î, ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ *fundamental ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ *whereas ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ~¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© *apparent ¸í¹éÇÑ, ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ *Superficial ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ *analogy ºñÀ¯, À¯»ç(Á¡), À¯Ãß
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
´«À» Ä«¸Þ¶ó¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ±âÃÊ »ý¹°ÇÐ ±³°ú¼´Â ÀνÄÀÌ ¼ö¹ÝÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À߸øµÈ ÀλóÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Âµ¥ ±â¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÜÁö »ó Çü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼¸¸ ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó´Â °øÅëµÈ °ÍÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó µÑ ´Ù ¿ÜºÎ ¼¼°è¿¡¼ ¿Â ºûÀ» »ó¿¡ ÁýÁß½ÃÅ°´Â ·»Á Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ°í, µÑ ´Ù ÃÊÁ¡°ú ±× »óÀÇ ¸íµµ¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö´ÜÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó µÑ ´Ù »óÀÌ ¸Î¾îÁö´Â ºû¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÑ ¸·(°¢°¢ ¸Á¸·°ú Çʸ§)À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, »ó Çü¼ºÀº º¸´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ª¾Æ°¡´Â ´ÜÁö ù ¹ø° ´Ü°è¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. ´«°ú Ä«¸Þ¶ó »çÀÌÀÇ ÇÇ»óÀûÀÎ ºñÀ¯´Â µÑ »çÀÌÀÇ ÈξÀ ´õ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Â÷À̸¦ °¡¸®°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ±× Â÷ÀÌ´Â Ä«¸Þ¶ó´Â ´ÜÁö »óÀ» ±â·ÏÇÒ »ÓÀÌÁö¸¸, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ½Ã°¢ ü°è´Â ±×°ÍÀ» Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.
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