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µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ: 085 |
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ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 13/11/14
2014 ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(AÇü) 33¹ø Çؼ³
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2014-33.hwp (66.5K) |
2014³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 33¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Õ¹ü½Ä
33. ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À[3Á¡]
In all cultures in which eye-gaze behavior has been studied, science confirms that those who are dominant have more in using it. In essence, these individuals are entitled to look wherever they want. However, subordinates are more restricted in where they can look and when. Humility dictates that in the presence of royalty, as in church, heads are bowed. As a general rule, dominants tend to ignore subordinates visually while subordinates tend to gaze at dominant individuals at a distance. In other words, higher-status individuals can be indifferent while lower-status persons are required to be attentive with their gaze. The king is free to look at anyone he wants, but all subjects face the king, even as they back out of a room. *be entitled to: (¢¦ÇÒ) ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¨çanxiety ¨è conflict ¨éfreedom ¨êreluctance ¨ëresponsibility
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµðµçÁö º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº ¾îµð¸¦ º¸°í, ¾ðÁ¦ ºÁ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °¡¿¡ ´õ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ¿äÁö´Ù. ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´«°ú ½Ã¼±À» »ç¿ëÇÑ Çൿ¿¡¼ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷΠºóÄ¿¡´Â ¨é¡®ÀÚÀ¯¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÔ. ¨ç ºÒ¾È°¨ ¨è °¥µî ¨ê ¸¶À½¿¡ ³»Å°Áö ¾ÊÀ½ ¨ë Ã¥ÀÓ
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [In all cultures in which eye-gaze behavior has been studied, science confirms that those who are dominant have more freedom in using it] ¡Øeye-gaze behavior:´«-½Ã¼± Çൿ ¡Øhas been studied: ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿À´Ù.(ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ¼öµ¿Çü) ¡Øconfirm:ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Ù. È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù. È®ÀÎÇÏ´Ù. cf)conform:¼øÀÀÇÏ´Ù, ÀûÇÕÇÏ´Ù, reform:°³ÇõÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øthose who are dominant have more freedom:±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °®´Â´Ù.(those who~:~ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé, dominant:Áö¹èÀûÀÎ, ±Ç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø) ¡Øin using it:±×°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§(in ~ing: ~ÇÒ ¶§, by ~ing: ~ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, on ~ing: ~ÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ) ¢Ñ´«-½Ã¼± ÇൿÀÌ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Â ¸ðµç ¹®È¿¡¼ °úÇÐÀº (»ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î) ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°Í(´«-½Ã¼± Çൿ)À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °®´Â ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÔÁõÇØÁØ´Ù.
¨è [In essence, these individuals are entitled to look wherever they want. However, subordinates are more restricted in where they can look and when (they can look).] ¡ØIn essence:º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¡Øbe entitled to:(¢¦ÇÒ) ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.(entitle:±Ç¸®(ÀÚ°Ý)À» ÁÖ´Ù. Á¦¸ñÀ» ºÙÀÌ´Ù.) ¡Øwherever they want:±×µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµðµçÁö(º¹ÇÕ°ü°èºÎ»ç) ¡Øsubordinate ÇϱÞÀÚ, ºÎÇÏ, Á¾¼ÓÀÇ ¡Øbe restricted in:~¿¡ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù.(restrict:Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Ù. restricted:Á¦ÇѵÈ) ¡Øwhere they can look and when (they can look):±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ°í ¾ðÁ¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö(°£Á¢Àǹ®¹®:ÀÇ+ÁÖ+µ¿) ¢Ñº»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµðµçÁö º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¾ðÁ¦ ±×·² ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ´õ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù.
¨é [Humility dictates that (in the presence of royalty,) (as in church,) heads are bowed. As a general rule, dominants tend to ignore subordinates visually while subordinates tend to gaze at dominant individuals at a distance.] ¡ØHumility:°â¼Õ, °â¾ç ¡Ødictate:Áö½ÃÇÏ´Ù, ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Ù ¡Øin the presence of royalty:¿ÕÁ·ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â(in the presence of:~°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â¡¢~ÀÇ ¸éÀü¿¡¼) ¡Øas in church: ±³È¸¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§Ã³·³ ¡Øheads are bowed:°í°³°¡ ¼÷¿©Áö´Ù.(bow [bau]:¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¼÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÀλçÇÏ´Ù. bow[bou]È°, È°¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ÈÖ´Ù. ¡Øas a general rule:ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¡Ødominant:Áö¹èÀÚ, Áö¹èÀûÀÎ ¡Øtend to~: ~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù(have tendency to) ¡Øvisually:½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¡Øwhile:~ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é ¡Øsubordinate ÇϱÞÀÚ, ºÎÇÏ, Á¾¼ÓÀÇ ¡Øgaze at:~À» ÀÀ½ÃÇÏ´Ù. ¡Ødominant individuals:Áö¹èÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé ¡Øat a distance:¸Ö¸®¼ ¢Ñ°â¾çÀº ±³È¸¿¡¼¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¿ÕÁ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡¼ °í°³°¡ ¼÷¿©Áöµµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº Áö¹èÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Ö¸®¼ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é, Áö¹èÀÚµéÀº ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀ» ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ê [In other words, higher-status individuals can be indifferent while lower-status persons are required to be attentive with their gaze.] ¡ØIn other words:´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé, Áï(namely) ¡Øhigher-status individuals:³ôÀº ÁöÀ§ÀÇ »ç¶÷µé(status:ÁöÀ§, ÀÚ°Ý, statue:»ó, Á¶°¢»ó, statute:¹ý·É) ¡Ølower-status persons:ÁöÀ§°¡ ³·Àº »ç¶÷µé ¡Øbe required to:¢¦Ç϶ó´Â ¿ä±¸¸¦ ¹Þ´Ù. ~ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¡Øbe attentive with their gaze:±×µéÀÌ ½Ã¼±¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÏ´Ù.(attentive:½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â, ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â) ¢Ñ ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ, ´õ ³·Àº Á÷±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½Ã¼±¿¡ ½Å°æÀ» ¾²µµ·Ï ¿ä±¸¹Þ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ´õ ³ôÀº Á÷±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«°ü½ÉÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ë [The king is free to look at anyone (that) he wants, but all subjects face the king, even as they back out of a room.] ¡Øbe free to: ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ~ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øsubject:½ÅÇÏ, º¹Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¡Øface:ÇâÇÏ´Ù, ¸¶ÁÖº¸´Ù. ¡Øeven as they back out of a room:¹æ¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ ³ª¿Ã ¶§ Á¶Â÷µµ(back:¨âµÚ·Î ¹°·¯¼´Ù) ¢Ñ¿ÕÀº ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÃÄ´Ùº¸Áö¸¸, ¸ðµç ½ÅÇϵéÀº ¹æ¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ ³ª¿Ã ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ ¿Õ ÂÊÀ» ÇâÇÑ´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*gaze:ÀÀ½Ã, ½Ã¼± *gaze at:~À» ÀÀ½ÃÇÏ´Ù. *confirm:È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÏ´Ù, ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Ù *dominant:(»ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î) ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ *subordinate ÇϱÞÀÚ, ºÎÇÏ, Á¾¼ÓÀÇ *restricted:Á¦ÇѵÈ, ÇÑÁ¤µÈ *humility:°â¾ç, °â¼Õ *dictate:Áö½ÃÇÏ´Ù, ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Ù *attentive:½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â, ÁÖÀǸ¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ´Â *face:ÇâÇÏ´Ù, ¸¶ÁÖº¸´Ù * back:µÚ·Î ¹°·¯¼´Ù *be entitled to: (¢¦ÇÒ) ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. *entitle:±Ç¸®(ÀÚ°Ý)À» ÁÖ´Ù. Á¦¸ñÀ» ºÙÀÌ´Ù. *indifferent:¹«°ü½ÉÇÑ ¡Ø reluctance:½ÈÀ½, ¸¶Áö¸øÇØ ÇÔ
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
´«-½Ã¼± ÇൿÀÌ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Â ¸ðµç ¹®È¿¡¼ °úÇÐÀº (»ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î) ±Ç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°Í(´«-½Ã¼± Çൿ)À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ´õ ¸¹Àº ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °®´Â ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÔÁõÇØÁØ´Ù. º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °÷Àº ¾îµðµçÁö º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾îµð¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¾ðÁ¦ ±×·² ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ´õ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÌ´Ù. °â¾çÀº ±³È¸¿¡¼¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¿ÕÁ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡¼ °í°³°¡ ¼÷¿©Áöµµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀº Áö¹èÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸Ö¸®¼ ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é, Áö¹èÀÚµéÀº ÇϱÞÀÚµéÀ» ½Ã°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ, ´õ ³·Àº Á÷±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½Ã¼±¿¡ ½Å°æÀ» ¾²µµ·Ï ¿ä±¸¹Þ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ´õ ³ôÀº Á÷±ÞÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«°ü½ÉÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÕÀº ±×°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÃÄ´Ùº¸Áö¸¸, ¸ðµç ½ÅÇϵéÀº ¹æ¿¡¼ µ¹¾Æ ³ª¿Ã ¶§Á¶Â÷µµ ¿Õ ÂÊÀ» ÇâÇÑ´Ù.
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