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  µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ:     0177
 
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 13/12/04
2014 ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(BÇü) 36¹ø Çؼ³
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2014³â ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(BÇü) 36¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Õ¹ü½Ä
 
36. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ­(A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À[3Á¡] - ¿À´ä·ü:67%
 
F. Scott Fitzgerald thought that the test of first-rate intelligence was the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still function. The eons shaped our brains in the  (A)  direction. Confirmation bias is a term for the way the mind systematically avoids confronting contradiction. It does this by overvaluing evidence that confirms what we already think or feel and undervaluing or simply disregarding evidence that refutes it. Testimony from members of the Crow tribe about the destruction of their culture provides an extreme and tragic example of this. A man named Plenty Coups reported that ¡°when the buffalo went away, the hearts of my people fell to the ground and they could not lift them up again. After this nothing happened.¡± He was not alone in describing the depth of despair as the end of history. ¡°nothing happened after that,¡± another Crow warrior said. ¡°We just lived.¡± The emotion was so strong that the brain   (B)   evidence of the continued existence of normal, everyday life that might have eased it.   *eon: ¿µ°Ì
 
¨ç opposite - retained     ¨è opposite - rejected 
¨é wrong - validated       ¨ê same-falsified     ¨ë same - overlooked
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
(A) µÚ¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ´Â confirmation bias(È®ÁõÆíÇâ)¶ó´Â ¿ë¾îÀÇ °³³ä°ú CrowºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ý°¢Àº ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µéÀÇ µÎ³ú°¡ µÎ °¡Áö »ó¹ÝµÈ »ý°¢À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´ã°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë(opposite) ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¸ÂÃß¾îÁ³À½À» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. (B) CrowºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µé¼Ò°¡ »ç¶óÁø °Í ¶§¹®¿¡ Àý¸Á°¨¿¡ ºüÁ® Çì¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀº Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ³ú°¡ °ÅºÎÇß´Ù(rejected)´Â °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [F. Scott Fitzgerald thought that the test of first-rate intelligence was the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still function.]     ¡Øthe test of first-rate intelligence:ÃÖ»óÀÇ Áö´É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡(first-rate:ÃÖ»óÀÇ)  ¡Øthe ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still function:µÎ °¡Áö »ó¹ÝµÈ »ý°¢À» ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ´ã°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ Á¦ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ´É·Â ¡Øtwo opposed ideas:µÎ °¡Áö »ó¹ÝµÈ »ý°¢ ¡Øat the same time:µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¡Øhold¿Í functionÀº º´·Ä°ü°èÀ̸ç the ability¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ Çü¿ë»çÀû ¿ë¹ý      ¢ÑF. Scott Fitzgerald´Â ÃÖ»óÀÇ Áö´É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡ ±âÁØÀº µÎ °¡Áö »ó¹ÝµÈ »ý°¢À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸Ó¸´¼Ó¿¡ ´ã°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ °è¼Ó Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î »ç°íÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.
 
¨è [The eons shaped our brains in the opposite direction. Confirmation bias is a term for the way (that) the mind systematically avoids confronting contradiction.]    ¡Øeon: ¹«ÇÑÈ÷ ±ä ½Ã´ë, ¿µ°Ì(aeon) ¡Øshape:¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé´Ù.Çü¼ºÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øin the opposite direction:¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ¡ØConfirmation bias:È®ÁõÆíÇâ ¡Øa term for the way (that)~:~¹æ½Ä¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ë¾î(term:¿ë¾î) ¡Øthe mind systematically avoids confronting contradiction.:Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸ð¼øµÈ »ç½Ç¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øsystematically:Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ¡Øavoid ~ing:~À» ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øconfront:~¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Ù(face to face with) ¡Øcontradiction:¸ð¼ø(µÈ »ç½Ç), ¹Ý¹Ú     ¢Ñ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ú¸¦ ¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡µµ·Ï ¸ÂÃß¾ú´Ù. È®ÁõÆíÇâÀº Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸ð¼øµÈ »ç½Ç¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ȸÇÇÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿ë¾îÀÌ´Ù.
 
¡ÚÈ®ÁõÆíÇâ(Confirmation bias):ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Å³ä°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¸ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ°í ½Å³ä°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Á¤º¸´Â ¹«½ÃÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ °´°üÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÇÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù Çصµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» µÞ¹Þħ ÇØÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯¸®ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¸À» ã¾Æ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ÇÕ¸®È­ ½ÃÅ°´Â Çö»ó.
 
¨é [It(=Confirmation bias) does this by ¨±overvaluing evidence that confirms what we already think or feel and ¨±undervaluing or simply ¨³disregarding evidence that refutes it.]    ¡Ødoes this:Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸ð¼øµÈ »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ȸÇÇÇÏ´Â °Í.  ¡Øby ¨±overvaluing~, ¨²undervaluing~, ¨³disregarding. (¨±,¨²,¨³Àº by·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Â º´·Ä±¸Á¶ÀÓ¿¡ ÁÖÀÇ)  ¡Øevidence that confirms what we already think or feel:¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì »ý°¢Çϰųª ´À³¢´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑÁÖ´Â Áõ°Å(that:ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è´ë¸í»ç, what:¼±Æ÷°ü:~ÇÏ´Â °Í)  ¡Øevidence that refutes it:±×°Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â Áõ°Å ¡Ødisregard:¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù. ¡Ørefute:¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ´Ù       ¢Ñ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì »ý°¢Çϰųª ´À³¢´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑÁÖ´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ °ú´ëÆò°¡ÇÏ°í ±×°Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ Æò°¡ÀýÇÏÇϰųª ¶Ç´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹«½ÃÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
 
¨ê [Testimony from members of the Crow tribe about the destruction of their culture provides an extreme and tragic example of this.]    ¡ØTestimony:Áõ¾ð  ¡ØTestimony from members of the Crow tribe: Crow ºÎÁ·¿øµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â Áõ¾ð(tribe:ºÎÁ·,Á¾Á·)  ¡Øabout the destruction of their culture:±×µé ¹®È­ÀÇ Æĸ꿡 ´ëÇÑ(destruction:Æı«,Æĸê¡æ¨âdestroy) ¡ØTestimony:ÁÖ¾î, provides:µ¿»ç  ¡Øan extreme and tragic example of this:ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÌ°í ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ »ç·Ê    ¢ÑCrowºÎÁ·ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÇ ±×µé ¹®È­ÀÇ Æĸ꿡 ´ëÇÑ Áõ¾ðÀº ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÌ°í ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ »ç·Ê¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù.
 
¨ë [A man named Plenty Coups reported that ¡°when the buffalo went away, the hearts of my people fell to the ground and they could not lift them up again. After this nothing happened.¡±]    ¡ØA man named Plenty Coups reported that~:Plenty Coups¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÇÑ ³²ÀÚ°¡ that~À» ÀüÇß´Ù.(named:~¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â:called) ¡Øgo away:»ç¶óÁö´Ù. ¡Øfall to the ground:¶¥¿¡ ³Ñ¾îÁö´Ù.(³«´ãÇÏ´Ù) ¡Ølift up:µé¾î ¿Ã¸®´Ù, Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î °í¾ç½ÃÅ°´Ù(È°±â¸¦ µÇã´Ù.)     ¢ÑPlenty Coups¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ³²ÀÚ´Â ¡°µé¼Ò°¡ »ç¶óÁ³À» ¶§ ºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸÷½Ã ³«´ãÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í È°±â¸¦ µÇãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ¡®¾Æ¹« Àϵµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä.¡¯ ¶ó´Â ¸»À» ÀüÇß´Ù.
 
¨ì [He was not alone in describing the depth of despair as the end of history. ¡°Nothing happened after that,¡± another Crow warrior said. ¡°We just lived.¡±] ¡Ødescribe A as B: A¸¦ B·Î ¹¦»çÇÏ´Ù(¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù.) ¡Øthe depth of despair:±íÀº Àý¸Á°¨ ¡Øthe end of history:¿ª»çÀÇ Á¾¸»  ¡Øin describing~:±×°¡ ¹¦»çÇÒ ¶§(=when he described~) ¡Øwarrior:Àü»ç     ¢Ñ±× »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ±íÀº Àý¸Á°¨À» ¿ª»çÀÇ Á¾¸»·Î ¼³¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ¡°±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹« Àϵµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×³É »ì¾Ò¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ CrowºÎÁ·ÀÇ Àü»ç°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.
 
¨í [The emotion was so strong that the brain rejected evidence of the continued existence of normal, everyday life that might have eased it.]    ¡Øso ~ that: ³Ê¹« ~Çؼ­ ~ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øreject:°ÅºÎÇÏ´Ù, °ÅÀýÇÏ´Ù(refuse, turn down)  ¡Øevidence of the continued existence of normal, everyday life: Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°ÀÌ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å ¡Øthe continued existence:°è¼ÓµÈ Á¸Àç ¡Ømight have eased:´©±×·¯¶ß¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.(might have +p.p:~À̾úÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ¡Øease:´ú´Ù, ¿ÏÈ­½ÃÅ°´Ù. ¡Øit=the emotion      ¢Ñ±× °¨Á¤ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª °­·ÄÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀ» ´©±×·¯¶ß¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°ÀÌ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ³ú°¡ °ÅºÎÇعö·È´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*first-rate:ÃÖ»óÀÇ *function:Á¦ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù *bias:ÆíÇâÀû ½É¸®, Æí°ß *confront:Á÷¸éÇÏ´Ù *contradiction:¸ð¼ø, ¹Ý´ë *overvalue:°ú´ëÆò°¡ÇÏ´Ù *disregard:¹«½ÃÇÏ´Ù *refute:¹Ý¹ÚÇÏ´Ù *testimony:Áõ¾ð *despair:Àý¸Á *warrior:Àü»ç, ¿ë»ç *retain:º¸·ùÇÏ´Ù. *validate:À¯È¿ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù. Á¤´çÇÔÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù. *falsify:À§Á¶ÇÏ´Ù. *overlook:°£°úÇÏ´Ù.
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
F. Scott Fitzgerald´Â ÃÖ»óÀÇ Áö´É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡ ±âÁØÀº µÎ °¡Áö »ó¹ÝµÈ »ý°¢À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¸Ó¸´¼Ó¿¡ ´ã°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­ °è¼Ó Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î »ç°íÇÏ´Â ´É·ÂÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¿À·£ ¼¼¿ùÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ú¸¦ ¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡µµ·Ï ¸ÂÃß¾ú´Ù. È®ÁõÆíÇâÀº Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸ð¼øµÈ »ç½Ç¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ȸÇÇÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿ë¾îÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì »ý°¢Çϰųª ´À³¢´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑÁÖ´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ °ú´ëÆò°¡ÇÏ°í ±×°Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ Æò°¡ÀýÇÏÇϰųª ¶Ç´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹«½ÃÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. CrowºÎÁ·ÀÇ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀÇ ±×µé ¹®È­ÀÇ Æĸ꿡 ´ëÇÑ Áõ¾ðÀº ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÌ°í ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ »ç·Ê¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇØÁØ´Ù. Plenty Coups¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ³²ÀÚ´Â ¡°µé¼Ò°¡ »ç¶óÁ³À» ¶§ ºÎÁ· »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸÷½Ã ³«´ãÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í È°±â¸¦ µÇãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ¡®¾Æ¹« Àϵµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä.¡¯¡±¶ó´Â ¸»À» ÀüÇß´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÑ ±íÀº Àý¸Á°¨À» ¿ª»çÀÇ Á¾¸»·Î ¼³¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ¡°±× ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹« Àϵµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä. ¿ì¸®´Â ±×³É »ì¾Ò¾î¿ä.¡±¶ó°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ CrowºÎÁ·ÀÇ Àü»ç°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. ±× °¨Á¤ÀÌ ³Ê¹«³ª °­·ÄÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀ» ´©±×·¯¶ß¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°ÀÌ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ³ú°¡ °ÅºÎÇعö·È´Ù.
 
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