[Mass-production in America, the use of advertising to standardize the desires and tastes of the public and so standardize production, the consequent lowering of production costs and the increase in wages, have all created an immense rise in the scale of American living from the purely material standpoint.]
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¿µ¾î µ¶Çظ¦ ÇÒ ¶§ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °Ç ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¸ÆÀ» Àâ´Â °Å¶ó »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±× ¸ÆÀ̶ó´Â °Ç ¹Ù·Î ÁÖ¾î µ¿»ç¸¦ ã´Â ÀÏÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Çѱ¹¸»Àº ³¡±îÁö µé¾îºÁ¾ß¸¸ °á·ÐÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿µ¾î´Â ÁÖ¾î µ¿»ç¸¸ ãÀ¸¸é µ¶ÇØÀÇ 90%°¡ ÇØ°áµË´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ´Ü¾î°¡ ¾î·Æ°í Çؼ®ÀÌ ¾î·Á¿ïÁö¶óµµ ÁÖ¾î µ¿»ç¸¸ ãÀ¸¸é ¹®¸ÆÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»¾¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹®ÀåÀÌ ¾Æ¹«¸® ±æ¾îµµ Àý´ë·Î ´çȲÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ÁÖ¾î µ¿»ç¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ãÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×°ÍÀÌ µ¶Çظ¦ ÀßÇÏ´Â ºñ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸ÕÀú...´Ô²²¼ ³²°ÜÁֽŠ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÁÖ¾î´Â 4°³ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð µ¿»ç´Â Çϳª ÀÌ°ÚÁÒ..? ÆľÇÀÌ µÇ½Ã³ª¿ä..? ³× ..±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ÁÖ¾î´Â Mass-production(´ë·®»ý»ê), the use of advertising(±¤°í¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í), the consequent lowering of production costs(±× °á°ú·Î ÀϾ´Â »ý»êºñÀÇ °¨¼Ò), the increase in wages(ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ Áõ°¡)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·³ µ¿»ç´Â have all created À̸ç, Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ñÀû¾î´Â an immense riseÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ..ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÁÖ¾î + µ¿»ç£« ¸ñÀû¾î¸¦ ã¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Çؼ®Çغ¸¸é, [´ë·®À¸·Î »ý»êÇÏ°í ±¤°í¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ±× °á°ú·Î ÀϾ´Â »ý»êºñÀÇ °¨¼Ò ±×¸®°í ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ Áõ°¡°¡ ¾öû³ »ó½ÂÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³Â´Ù.] ÀÚ~~ ÀÌÁ¦ »À´ë¸¦ °®Ãß¾î ³µÀ¸´Ï »ìÀ» ºÙ¿©¾ß °ÚÁö¿ä...
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1. ´ë·®»ý»ê(Mass-production)ÀÇ »ìÀº in AmericaÀÔ´Ï´Ù. [¹Ì±¹¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ´ë·®»ý»ê]
2. ±¤°í ÀÌ¿ë(the use of advertising)ÀÇ »ìÀº ¨çto standardize the desires and tastes of the public(´ëÁßÀÇ ÃëÇâ°ú ¿å¸ÁÀ» ±Ô°ÝÈ ÇÏ´Â) °ú and so ¨è(to) standardize production(±×·¡¼ »ý»êÀ» ±Ô°ÝÈ Çϱâ À§ÇÑ)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çϸé the use of advertisingÀ» ¨ç¨è°¡ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á»´õ »ó¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÏÀÚ¸é [´ëÁßÀÇ ÃëÇâÀ̳ª ¿å¸ÁÀ» ±Ô°ÝÈ ÇÏ°í ±×·¡¼ »ý»êÀ» ±Ô°ÝÈ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±¤°í¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í]
3. the consequent lowering of production costs[±× °á°ú·Î ÀϾ´Â »ý»êºñÀÇ °¨¼Ò]
4. the increase in wages[ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ Áõ°¡]
5. have all created [ ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î ³»¾ú´Ù]
6. an immense rise [ ¾öû³ »ó½Â(Çâ»ó)] ¿©±â¿¡µµ »ìÀÌ ºÙ³×¿ä..? ¾öû³ Çâ»óÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù°í Çߴµ¥ ¾î¶²¸é¿¡¼ÀÇ »ó½ÂÀϱî¿ä,,? ³× ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. in the scale of American living(¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ »ýÈ° ±Ô¸ð)¸é¿¡¼ÀÇ »ó½ÂÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í Àֳ׿ä..±×¸®°í Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹®±¸ Çϳª°¡ ´õ Àֳ׿ä. from the purely material standpoint(¼ø¼öÇÏ°Ô ¹°ÁúÀûÀÎ °ßÁö¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§)
* Mass-production: ´ë·®»ý»ê *standardize: ±Ô°ÝÈÇÏ´Ù, Ç¥ÁØÈÇÏ´Ù *the public: ´ëÁß * consequent: ±× °á°ú·Î ÀϾ´Â, ´ç¿¬ÇÑ *immense: °Å´ëÇÑ(=huge = enormous) * standpoint: °ßÁö, °üÁ¡(point of view)