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34. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À
Experienced writers invariably write in a climate of discussion. Their writing is usually embedded in a context of others¡¯ ideas and opinions. Many writers, especially in the academic community, are directly responding to other writers ¡ª a scientist reexamining the experimental procedures of other scientists; a literary critic taking exception to a prevailing method of interpretation; a sociologist offering an alternative explanation of a colleague¡¯s data; a historian participating as respondent in a conference. Such people are not writing in a vacuum. Their ideas often originate in discussion, their writing is a response to discussion, and their papers are designed to stimulate further discussion.
¨ç the use of discussion in writing
¨è the need for self-criticism in writing
¨é advantages of critical thinking on writing
¨ê research methods in scientific experiments
¨ë types of persuasive techniques in academic fields
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â µ¥ Åä·ÐÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾´ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨ç the use of discussion in writing(±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â µ¥¿¡ Åä·ÐÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱâ)ÀÌ´Ù. ¨è ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÚ±âºñÆÇÀÇ Çʿ伺 ¨é±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â µ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ºñÆÇÀû »ç°íÀÇ ÀåÁ¡ ¨ê °úÇÐ ½ÇÇèÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ¹æ¹ýµé ¨ë Çй®ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼³µæ ±â¹ýÀÇ À¯Çüµé
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
[Experienced writers (invariably) write in a climate of discussion] *climate:ºÐÀ§±â(atmosphere) *invariably:º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ *ºÎ»ç°¡ ´Ü¾î°¡ ¾î·Á¿ö Çؼ®ÀÌ ¾È µÇ¸é »ý·«Çϼ¼¿ä!!!
¡æ³ë·ÃÇÏ°Ô ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â »ç¶÷(Experienced writers)Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª(invariably) Åä·ÐÇÏ´Â ºÐÀ§±â(a climate of discussion)¿¡¼ ±ÛÀ» ¾´´Ù.
[Their writing is usually embedded in a context of others¡¯ ideas and opinions] *embed: ¹Ú´Ù, »õ±â´Ù, ³¢¿ö ³Ö´Ù ⇢ be embedded in:~¿¡ ³¢¿ö ³Ö¾îÁö´Ù
¡æ±×µéÀÇ ±ÛÀº ´ë°³ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ý°¢°ú °ßÇØ(others¡¯ ideas and opinions])ÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô ¼Ó¿¡ ³¢¿ö ³Ö¾î Áø´Ù.
[Many writers, especially in the academic community, are directly responding to other writers]
¡æ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé(Many writers)Àº, ƯÈ÷ Çаè(academic community)¿¡¼´Â, ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé(other writers)¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù.
[ - a scientist / (who is) reexamining the experimental procedures of other scientists; a literary critic / (who is) taking exception to a prevailing method of interpretation; a sociologist / (who is) offering an alternative explanation of a colleague¡¯s data; a historian /(who is) participating as respondent in a conference]
* ¡°-¡± Àº ¾Õ ¹®Àå Áï ¡°±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ¸¹Àº ÀÛ°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÛ°¡µé¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀ ÇÑ´Ù¡±´Â ±¸Ã¼Àû ¿¹¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿°Ý ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Å©°Ô 4»ç¶÷À» µé°í Àֳ׿ä. °úÇÐÀÚ(a scientist), ¹®ÇÐ ºñÆò°¡(a literary critic), »çȸÇÐÀÚ(a sociologist) ±×¸®°í ¿ª»ç°¡(a historian), °¢°¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç(who)ÀÌÇÏ°¡ ¼³¸íÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á÷¿ªÇÏÀÚ¸é
¡æ(Á÷¿ª) ´Ù¸¥ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ½ÇÇè ÀýÂ÷(the experimental procedures)¸¦ Àç°ËÅäÇÏ´Â(reexamining) °úÇÐÀÚ, À¯ÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çؼ® ¹æ¹ý(a prevailing method of interpretation)¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÏ´Â(take exception to) ¹®ÇÐ Æò·Ð°¡, µ¿·áÀÇ ÀÚ·á(a colleague¡¯s data)¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³¸í(an alternative explanation)ÇÏ´Â »çȸÇÐÀÚ, ȸÀÇ¿¡(in a conference) ÀÀ´äÀڷμ(as respondent) Âü¼®ÇÏ´Â ¿ª»ç°¡!!!!
¡æ(ÀÇ¿ª) °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ½ÇÇè ÀýÂ÷¸¦ Àç°ËÅäÇÏ°í, ¹®ÇÐ Æò·Ð°¡´Â À¯ÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çؼ® ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇϸç, »çȸÇÐÀÚ´Â µ¿·áÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³¸íÇϸç, ¿ª»ç°¡´Â ÀÀ´äÀڷμ ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü¼® ÇÑ´Ù.
[Such people are not writing in a vacuum]
¡æ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº Áø°ø »óÅÂ(in a vacuum)¿¡¼ ±ÛÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
[Their ideas often originate in discussion, their writing is a response to discussion, and their papers are designed to stimulate further discussion.]
¡æ±×µéÀÇ »ý°¢(Their ideas)Àº Á¾Á¾ Åä·Ð¿¡¼(in discussion) ½ÃÀ۵Ǹç, ±×µéÀÇ ±Û(their writing)Àº Åä·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä(a response to discussion)ÀÌ°í, ±×µéÀÇ ³í¹®(their papers)Àº ´õ ±íÀº Åä·Ð(further discussion)À» ÀÚ±ØÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾´ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(µðÀÚÀÎ µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù).
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*invariably º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ, Ç×»ó *climate ºÐÀ§±â, ȯ°æ, ±âÈÄ *embed ¹Ú´Ù, »õ±â´Ù, ³¢¿ö ³Ö´Ù *context ¸Æ¶ô, ¹®¸Æ *academic community Çаè *literary ¹®ÇÐÀÇ *critic ºñÆò°¡, ºñÆÇ°¡ *experimental ½ÇÇèÀÇ *prevailing ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ, ÁÖ¿äÇÑ, À¯ÇàÇÏ´Â *interpretation Çؼ®*reexamine Àç°ËÅäÇÏ´Ù *procedures ¼ø¼, ÀýÂ÷ *take exception to ~¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÏ´Ù*sociologist »çȸÇÐÀÚ *alternative ´ë¾ÈÀÇ, ´ëüÀÇ *colleague µ¿·á *historian ¿ª»ç°¡ *participate Âü°¡ÇÏ´Ù, Âü¿©ÇÏ´Ù *respondent ÀÀ´äÀÚ *conference ȸÀÇ, ȸ´ã *vacuum Áø°ø *originate ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù(initiate), »ý±â´Ù *stimulate ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Ù *persuasive ¼³µæÀÇ *critical ºñÆÇÀûÀÎ, ºñÆòÀûÀÎ *persuasive ¼³µæ·Â ÀÖ´Â *academic fields Çй®ºÐ¾ß
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
³ë·ÃÇÏ°Ô ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾ðÁ¦³ª Åä·ÐÇÏ´Â ºÐÀ§±â¿¡¼ ±ÛÀ» ¾´´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ±ÛÀº ´ë°³ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ý°¢°ú °ßÇØÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô ¼Ó¿¡ ³¢¿ö ³Ö¾îÁø´Ù. ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº, ƯÈ÷ Çа迡¼´Â, ±ÛÀ» ¾²´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚ´Â ´Ù¸¥ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ½ÇÇè ÀýÂ÷¸¦ Àç°ËÅäÇÏ°í, ¹®ÇÐ Æò·Ð°¡´Â À¯ÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çؼ® ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇϸç, »çȸÇÐÀÚ´Â µ¿·áÀÇ ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³¸íÇϸç, ¿ª»ç°¡´Â ÀÀ´äÀڷμ ȸÀÇ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº Áø°ø »óÅ¿¡¼ ±ÛÀ» ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ »ý°¢Àº Á¾Á¾ Åä·Ð¿¡¼ ½ÃÀ۵Ǹç, ±×µéÀÇ ±ÛÀº Åä·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀÌ°í, ±×µéÀÇ ³í¹®Àº ´õ ±íÀº Åä·ÐÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾´ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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