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  µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ:     074
 
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 12/06/21
2011Çг⵵ ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 45¹ø Çؼ³
 ±Û¾´ÀÌ : songgok
Á¶È¸ : 5,499  

2011Çг⵵ ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª 45¹ø Á¤´ä ¹× Çؼ³ - ¼Û°î´åÄÄ(songgok.com)
 
45. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ¸·Î ¿ä¾àÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ºóÄ­ (A)¿Í (B)¿¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?
 
Unlike the modern society, the primitive society has less specialized knowledge to transmit, and since its way of life is enacted before the eyes of all, it has no need to create a separate institution of education such as the school. Instead, the child acquires the heritage of his culture by observing and imitating adults in such activities as rituals, hunts, festivals, cultivation, and harvesting. As a result, there is little or none of that alienation of young from old so marked in modern industrial societies. A further reason for this alienation in modern societies is that in his conception of reality the modern adult owes less to his direct experience and more to the experience of his culture than does primitive man. Clearly, his debt to culture will vary with the nature of his education. Hence, the contemporary child must travel much further than the offspring of primitive man to acquire the world view of his elders. He is, therefore, that much more removed from the adults of his society.
¡é
Unlike the primitive child who learns from his ( A ) surroundings, the modern child learns in educational institutions, which results in ( B ) from his elders.
 
¨ç foreign ¡¦¡¦ interference  ¨è immediate ¡¦¡¦ sympathy  ¨é foreign ¡¦¡¦ sympathy
¨ê imaginary ¡¦¡¦ alienation ¨ë immediate ¡¦¡¦ alienation
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
¾î¸¥µéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ýÈ°¹æ½ÄÀ» °ç¿¡¼­ ÁöÄѺ¸¸ç ¹è¿ü´ø ¿ø½Ã ½Ã´ë ¾Æµ¿°ú´Â ´Þ¸®, Çö´ë ¾Æµ¿Àº ±³À°±â°üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇнÀÀ» Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¾î¸¥µé°ú ¼Ò¿ÜµÈ´Ù´Â ¿äÁöÀÇ ±Û. Á¤´ä 5¹ø
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
[Unlike the modern society, the primitive society has less specialized knowledge to transmit, and since its way of life is enacted before the eyes of all, it has no need to create a separate institution of education such as the school]
¡Ø less specialized knowledge:(Á÷¿ª) ´ú Àü¹®È­µÈ Áö½Ä ¡Øto transmit´Â ¾Õ ¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä ¡Øits way of life:±× »ýÈ°¹æ½Ä(¿©±â¼­ its´Â ¿ø½Ã»çȸ) ¡Øenact (°Ý½Ä)ÀϾ´Ù, ¹ú¾îÁö´Ù ¡Øa separate institution of education:ºÐ¸®µÈ ±³À°±â°ü    ¡æÇö´ë »çȸ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, ¿ø½Ã »çȸ´Â Àü´ÞÇÒ Àü¹® Áö½ÄÀÌ ´õ Àû´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ýÈ°¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´«¾Õ¿¡¼­ ÇàÇØÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡, Çб³¿Í °°Àº ºÐ¸®µÈ ±³À°±â°üÀ» ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
 
[Instead, the child acquires the heritage of his culture / by observing and imitating adults / in such activities as rituals, hunts, festivals, cultivation, and harvesting.]
 
¡Ø by ~ing: ~ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¡æ observing °ú imitatingÀº by·Î ¿¬°áµÇ´Â º´·Ä°ü°è. ¡Ø such ~ as: ~°°Àº ~ ¡æ in such activities as rituals~ = in activities such as rituals =in activities like rituals   ¡æ´ë½Å¿¡, ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ÀǽÄ(rituals), »ç³É(hunts), ÃàÁ¦(festivals), °æÀÛ(cultivation), ±×¸®°í Ãß¼ö(harvesting)¿Í °°Àº È°µ¿¿¡¼­ ¾î¸¥µéÀ» °üÂûÇÏ°í Èä³» ³¿À¸·Î½á(by observing and imitating) ¹®È­À¯»ê(the heritage of his culture)À» ȹµæÇÑ´Ù.
 
[As a result, there is little or none of / that alienation of young from old / (that is) so marked in modern industrial societies]
¡Ø alienate Ⓐ from Ⓑ :Ⓑ·ÎºÎÅÍ Ⓐ¸¦ ¼Ò¿Ü½ÃÅ°´Ù ¡Øalienation of Ⓐ from Ⓑ: Ⓑ·ÎºÎÅÍ ⒶÀÇ ¼Ò¿Ü ¡Ø that alienation¿¡¼­ thatÀº Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç ¡Øthat alienationÀ» of young from old ¿Í (that is) so marked in modern industrial societies °¡ Áߺ¹ÇÏ¿© ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½.   ¡æ ±× °á°ú, Çö´ë »ê¾÷ »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ µÎµå·¯Áö´Â ¾î¸¥°ú ¾ÆÀÌ °£ÀÇ ¼Ò¿Ü°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø°Å³ª(little) ¾Æ¿¹ ¾ø´Ù(none).
 
[A further reason for this alienation in modern societies is that (in his conception of reality) the modern adult owes less to his direct experience and more to the experience of his culture than does primitive man.]
 
¡Ø owe: ºúÁö´Ù(ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù) ¡æ owe Ⓐ to Ⓑ: Ⓐ´Â ⒷÀÇ ´öÅÃÀÌ´Ù(ºúÁö´Ù, ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù) ¡Øowes less  to his direct experience: ±×ÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °æÇè¿¡ ´ú ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù ¡Ø (owe) more to the experience of his culture: ¹®È­ÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ ´õ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Ù ¡Øthan does primitive man = than primitive man does(owes~)
 
¡æÇö´ë »çȸÀÇ(in modern societies) ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ò¿Ü(this alienation)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ±íÀº ÀÌÀ¯(A further reason)´Â Çö½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³ä ¼Ó¿¡¼­(in his conception of reality) Çö´ëÀÇ ¾î¸¥(the modern adult)Àº ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÌ Çß´ø °Í º¸´Ù(than does primitive man) Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °æÇè¿¡(to his direct experience) ´ú ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í, ¹®È­ÀÇ °æÇè¿¡(to the experience of his culture) ´õ ÀÇÁ¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
 
[Clearly, his debt to culture will vary with the nature of his education. Hence, the contemporary child must travel much further than the offspring of primitive man / to acquire the world view of his elders.]
 
¡Ømuch further: ÈξÀ ¸Ö¸®(ºñ±³±Þ°­Á¶: much, still, even, far, a lot) ¡Øthe world view of his elders:¾î¸¥µéÀÇ ¼¼°è°ü ¡Øthe offspring of primitive man:¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ(ÈļÕ)   ¡æ ºÐ¸íÈ÷, ¹®È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÀÇÁ¸(debt;ºú)Àº ±×ÀÇ ±³À°ÀÇ ¼ºÁú(nature)¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î(Hence), Çö´ëÀÇ(contemporary) ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ¾î¸¥ÀÇ ¼¼°è°üÀ» ȹµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̺¸´Ù ´õ ¸Ö¸®¿©ÇàÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
 
[He is, (therefore), (that much more) removed from the adults of his society]
¡Ø that much more:(±×¸¸Å­ ÈξÀ ´õ): thatÀº ±×·¸°Ô, ±×¸¸Å­, much´Â more¸¦ °­Á¶. ¡Øfrom the adults of his society: ±× »çȸÀÇ ¾î¸¥µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¡ØÀÌ ¹®ÀåÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â is removed: Á¦°ÅµÇ´Ù(ºÐ¸®µÇ´Ù) ¡æ µû¶ó¼­ ±×´Â ±× »çȸÀÇ ¾î¸¥µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈξÀ ´õ ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 
[Unlike the primitive child who learns from his immediate surroundings, the modern child learns in educational institutions, which results in alienation from his elders.]      
¡Øimmediate: Á÷Á¢ÀÇ, ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ(°¡±î¿î) ¡Øresult in: °á±¹~µÇ´Ù(result from:~·ÎºÎÅÍ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Ù)  ¡æ °¡±î¿î ȯ°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇнÀÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿ø½Ã ½Ã´ë ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ´Þ¸® Çö´ëÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ±³À°±â°ü¿¡¼­ ÇнÀÀ» Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¿¬ÀåÀڷκÎÅÍÀÇ ¼Ò¿Ü¸¦ ³º´Â´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*unlike ~°ú ´Þ¸®(´Ù¸£°Ô) *primitive ¿ø½ÃÀûÀÎ *specialized Àü¹®È­µÈ *transmit Àü´ÞÇÏ´Ù *enact (°Ý½Ä)ÀϾ´Ù, (¼öµ¿)¹ú¾îÁö´Ù (¹ý·É)±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù, (¹ý·ü)Á¦Á¤ÇÏ´Ù *acquire ȹµæÇÏ´Ù *heritage À¯»ê *ritual ÀÇ½Ä *cultivation °æÀÛ *alienation ¼Ò¿Ü *mark ¨â µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, Ư¡Áþ´Ù¡æbe marked:µÎµå·¯Áö´Ù *hence ±×·¯¹Ç·Î *contemporary Çö´ëÀÇ *offspring ÀÚ¼Õ, ÀÚ³à
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
Çö´ë »çȸ¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, ¿ø½Ã »çȸ´Â Àü´ÞÇÒ Àü¹® Áö½ÄÀÌ ´õ Àû´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ýÈ°¹æ½ÄÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´«¾Õ¿¡¼­ ÇàÇØÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡, Çб³¿Í °°Àº ºÐ¸®µÈ ±³À°±â°üÀ» ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ´ë½Å¿¡, ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ÀǽÄ, »ç³É, ÃàÁ¦, °æÀÛ, ±×¸®°í Ãß¼ö¿Í °°Àº È°µ¿¿¡¼­ ¾î¸¥µéÀ» °üÂûÇÏ°í Èä³» ³¿À¸·Î½á ¹®È­À¯»êÀ» ȹµæÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú, Çö´ë »ê¾÷ »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ µÎµå·¯Áö´Â ¾î¸¥°ú ¾ÆÀÌ °£ÀÇ ¼Ò¿Ü°¡ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø°Å³ª ¾Æ¿¹ ¾ø´Ù. Çö´ë »çȸÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ò¿Ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´õ ±íÀº ÀÌÀ¯´Â Çö½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³³ä ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Çö´ëÀÇ ¾î¸¥Àº ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÌ Çß´ø °Í º¸´Ù Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ °æÇè¿¡ ´ú ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í, ¹®È­ÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ ´õ ÀÇÁ¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷, ¹®È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·± ÀÇÁ¸Àº ±×ÀÇ ±³À°ÀÇ ¼ºÁú¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î, Çö´ëÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ¾î¸¥ÀÇ ¼¼°è°üÀ» ȹµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ø½ÃÀÎÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̺¸´Ù ´õ ¸Ö¸®¿©ÇàÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±×´Â ±× »çȸÀÇ ¾î¸¥µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÈξÀ ´õ ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 
¡æ °¡±î¿î ȯ°æÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇнÀÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿ø½Ã ½Ã´ë ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ´Þ¸® Çö´ëÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ±³À°±â°ü¿¡¼­ ÇнÀÀ» Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¿¬ÀåÀڷκÎÅÍÀÇ ¼Ò¿Ü¸¦ ³º´Â´Ù.
 
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