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27. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À.
The human auditory system . A psychologist named Richard Warren demonstrated this particularly well. He recorded a sentence and cut out a piece of the sentence from the recording tape. He replaced the missing piece with a burst of static of the same duration. Nearly everyone who heard the altered recording could report that they heard both a sentence and static. But a majority of people could not tell where the static was! The auditory system had filled in the missing speech information, so that the sentence seemed uninterrupted. Most people reported that there was static and that it existed apart from the spoken sentence. The static and the sentence formed separate perceptual streams due to differences in the quality of sound that caused them to group separately. * static: ÀâÀ½(íÚëå)
¨ç recognizes incorrect pronunciation
¨è plays an important role in speaking
¨é has its own version of perceptual completion
¨ê reacts differently according to different languages
¨ë analyzes auditory and visual cues at the same time
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ã»°¢Àº ¹®ÀåÀ» µéÀ» ¶§ ÀâÀ½À¸·Î ²÷±ä ºÎºÐÀ» ä¿ö¼ µè´Â Ư¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¼³¸íÇÑ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ºóÄ¿¡´Â ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ Áö°¢ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º ¹æ½ÄÀ» °®´Â´Ù(has its own version of perceptual completion)´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
¨ç ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ ¹ßÀ½À» ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù ¨è ¸»Çϱ⿡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù ¨ê ¾ð¾î¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù ¨ë û°¢Àû ´Ü¼¿Í ½Ã°¢Àû ´Ü¼¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [The human auditory system has its own version of perceptual completion. A psychologist (named Richard Warren) demonstrated this particularly well.] ¡Ø perceptual completion Áö°¢ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º ¡æÀΰ£ÀÇ Ã»°¢ ü°è´Â ±× ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ Áö°¢ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º ¹æ½Ä(version)À» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. Richard WarrenÀ̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ÇÑ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ´Â À̸¦ Ưº°È÷ Àß ÀÔÁõÇß´Ù.
¨è [He recorded a sentence and cut out a piece of the sentence from the recording tape. He replaced the missing piece with a burst of static of the same duration.] ¡Ø *replace ¨Í with ¨Î: ¨Í¸¦ ¨Î·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Ù
¡Øthe missing piece: ¾ø¾îÁø ºÎºÐ ¡Øduration Áö¼Ó(½Ã°£, ±â°£) ¡Øa burst of static of the same duration: °°Àº Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» °®´Â(°°Àº ½Ã°£µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â) ÀâÀ½ÀÇ ºÐÃâ ¡æ ±×´Â ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ³ìÀ½ÇÑ ÈÄ ³ìÀ½Å×ÀÌÇÁ¿¡¼ ±× ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¶¼¾î³Â´Ù. ±×´Â ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» °°Àº ½Ã°£µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ÀâÀ½ÀÇ ºÐÃâ·Î ´ëüÇß´Ù.
¨é [Nearly everyone (who heard the altered recording) could report that they heard both a sentence and static. But a majority of people could not tell where the static was!]
¡Øthe altered recording:º¯°æµÈ ³ìÀ½³»¿ë ¡Ø a majority of: ´Ù¼öÀÇ ~ ¡Øwhere the static was:°£Á¢Àǹ®¹® ¾î¼ø ÁÖÀÇ
¡æ º¯°æµÈ ³ìÀ½ ³»¿ëÀ» µéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹®Àå°ú ÀâÀ½À» ¸ðµÎ µé¾ú´Ù°í ¾Ë¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀâÀ½ÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡¼ µé·È´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
¨ê [The auditory system had filled in the missing speech information, so that the sentence seemed uninterrupted.] ¡Øthe missing speech information: ¾ø¾îÁø ¹ßÈ Á¤º¸ ¡Ø ,so that: ±× °á°ú, Áï, ±×·¡¼ ¡æ û°¢ ü°è°¡ »ç¶óÁø ¹ßÈÁ¤º¸¸¦ ä¿ö¼ ±× ¹®ÀåÀº ÁߴܵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íó·³ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù
¨ë [Most people reported that there was static and that it existed apart from the spoken sentence.] ¡Øapart from ~ ~¿Í ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î, ~¿Í´Â º°µµ·Î, ~°ú´Â º°°³·Î ¡Øspoken sentence: ¹ßÈµÈ ¹®Àå ¡æ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀâÀ½ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í ±×°ÍÀº ¹ßÈµÈ ¹®Àå°ú´Â ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù°í ¾Ë·È´Ù
¨ì [The static and the sentence formed separate perceptual streams / due to differences in the quality of sound / that caused them to group separately.]
¡Øseparate perceptual streams:ºÐ¸®µÈ Áö°¢ÀÇ È帧 ¡ç¿©±â¼ separate´Â Çü¿ë»ç(ºÐ¸®µÈ)·Î ¾²¿´À½. ¡Ø due to ~ ¶§¹®¿¡(owing to = thanks to = because of) *group ¹«¸®¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Ù, Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Ù ¡ØthatÀº °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î ¼±Çà»ç´Â differences in the quality of sound(À½ÁúÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ)À̸ç, themÀº The static and the sentence(ÀâÀ½°ú ¹®Àå)À» °¡¸®Å°°í Àֳ׿ä^^ ¡æ ÀâÀ½°ú ¹®ÀåÀÌ À½ÁúÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÐ¸®µÈ Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î¼ ºÐ¸®µÈ Áö°¢ÀÇ È帧À» Çü¼ºÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*auditory û°¢ÀûÀÎ *psychologist ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ *demonstrate ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Ù, ³íÁõÇÏ´Ù, Áõ¸íÇÏ´Ù *replace ¨Í with ¨Î: ¨Í¸¦ ¨Î·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Ù *burst ºÐÃâ, Æø¹ß, ÆÄ¿ÇÏ´Ù, Æø¹ßÇÏ´Ù *static ÀâÀ½, °íÁ¤µÈ, Á¤Áö»óÅÂÀÇ *duration Áö¼Ó(½Ã°£, ±â°£) *alter ¹Ù²Ù´Ù, º¯°æÇÏ´Ù *fill in ¸Þ¿ì´Ù, ä¿ì´Ù *uninterrupted ÁߴܵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº, ¹æÇعÞÁö ¾ÊÀº *apart from ~ ~¿Í ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î, ~¿Í´Â º°µµ·Î *perceptual Áö°¢ÀÇ, Áö°¢·ÂÀÇ *due to ~ ¶§¹®¿¡ *group ¹«¸®¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ´Ù, Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Ù *pronunciation ¹ßÀ½ * analyzes:ºÐ¼®ÇÏ´Ù *perceptual completion Áö°¢ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º *play a role(part) in: ~¿¡ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Ù *visual cues:½Ã°¢ÀûÀÎ ´Ü¼
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
Àΰ£ÀÇ Ã»°¢ ü°è´Â ±× ³ª¸§´ë·ÎÀÇ Áö°¢ÀÇ ¿Ï¼º ¹æ½ÄÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. Richard WarrenÀ̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ÇÑ ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ´Â À̸¦ Ưº°È÷ Àß ÀÔÁõÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀ» ³ìÀ½ÇÑ ÈÄ ³ìÀ½Å×ÀÌÇÁ¿¡¼ ±× ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¶¼¾î³Â´Ù. ±×´Â ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» °°Àº ½Ã°£µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ÀâÀ½ÀÇ ºÐÃâ·Î ´ëüÇß´Ù. º¯°æµÈ ³ìÀ½ ³»¿ëÀ» µéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹®Àå°ú ÀâÀ½À» ¸ðµÎ µé¾ú´Ù°í ¾Ë¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀâÀ½ÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡¼ µé·È´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. û°¢ ü°è°¡ »ç¶óÁø ¹ßÈÁ¤º¸¸¦ ä¿ö¼ ±× ¹®ÀåÀº ÁߴܵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íó·³ º¸ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀâÀ½ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í ±×°ÍÀº ¹ßÈµÈ ¹®Àå°ú´Â ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù°í ¾Ë·È´Ù. ÀâÀ½°ú ¹®ÀåÀÌ À½ÁúÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÐ¸®µÈ Áý´ÜÀ» ÀÌ·ç¾î¼ ºÐ¸®µÈ Áö°¢ÀÇ È帧À» Çü¼ºÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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