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  µ¿½ÃÁ¢¼ÓÀÚ:     058
 
ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 13/11/26
2014 ¼ö´É ¿Ü±¹¾î ¿µ¿ª(BÇü) 25¹ø Çؼ³
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25. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº?
 
The names of pitches are associated with particular frequency values. Our current system is called A440 because the note we call ¡®'A¡¯' that is in the middle of the piano keyboard has been fixed to have a frequency of 440 Hz. This is entirely arbitrary. We could fix ¡®'A¡¯' at any frequency, such as 439 or 424; different standards were used in the time of Mozart than today. Some people claim that the precise frequencies affect the overall sound of a musical piece and the sound of instruments. Led Zeppelin, a band popular in the 70s, often tuned their instruments away from the modern A440 standard to give their music an uncommon sound, and perhaps to link it with the European children¡¯'s folk songs that inspired many of their compositions. Many purists insist on hearing baroque music on period instruments, both because the instruments have a different sound and because they are designed to play the music in its original tuning standard, something that purists deem important.
 
¨ç Should ¡®¡¯Always Be Tuned at 440 Hz?
¨è Arbitrary Tuning: A New Trend in Music
¨é How to Correctly Measure Frequency Values
¨ê How Do Musicians Detect Pitch Differences?
¨ë Unstable Pitches: A Common Thread in Music
 
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
ÇÊÀÚ´Â Çö´ë¿¡ À½³ôÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â A°¡ 440 HzÀÇ Áøµ¿¼ö¿¡ °íÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â µ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÌ¶ó¼­ ¾ó¸¶µçÁö ´Ù¸¥ Áøµ¿¼ö·Î A¸¦ °íÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸ鼭, ±× ¿¹·Î Led Zeppelin°ú ¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¨ç¡®¡®A¡¯°¡ ´Ã 440 Hz¿¡ ¸ÂÃçÁ®¾ß Çϴ°¡?¡¯°¡ ±ÛÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. ¨è ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÎ À½ Á¶À²: À½¾Ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î °æÇâ ¨é Áøµ¿¼ö °ªÀ» ¹Ù¸£°Ô ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý ¨ê À½¾Ç°¡µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô À½ ³ôÀÌ Â÷À̸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Â°¡ ¨ë ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÑ À½ ³ôÀÌ: À½¾Ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ °øÅëµÈ ¸Æ¶ô
 
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [The names of pitches are associated with particular frequency values. Our current system is called A440 because the note (that)¡¡we call ¡®'A¡¯' that is in the middle of the piano keyboard has been fixed to have a frequency of 440 Hz. This is entirely arbitrary.]     ¡Øbe associated with: ~°ú °ü·ÃµÇ´Ù.  ¡Øfrequency values:ÁÖÆļö¡¡¡ØOur current system is called A440:ÇöÀçü°è´Â A440À̶ó ºÒ¸°´Ù.~ºÒ¸®´Ù.)  ¡Øthe note [¨ç(that)¡¡we call ¡®'A¡¯'] ¨è that is in the middle of the piano keyboard:¿ì¸®°¡ A¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â, ÇÇ¾Æ³ë °Ç¹ÝÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À½(ÀÌÁß¼ö½Ä: ¨ç°ú ¨è°¡ ¸ðµÎ the note¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½) ¡Øhas been fixed:°íÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.(ÇöÀç¿Ï·á¼öµ¿Çü)  ¡Øto have a frequency of 440 Hz:440HzÀÇ Áøµ¿¼ö¸¦ °¡Áöµµ·Ï ¡Øarbitrary[ɑ́¢°rbitreri]:ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÎ, ÀÓÀÇÀÇ, ¸Ú´ë·ÎÀÇ     ¢ÑÀ½ ³ôÀÌÀÇ ¸íĪÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áøµ¿°ª°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç ü°è´Â A440À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Âµ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ¿ì¸®°¡ A¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â, ÇÇ¾Æ³ë °Ç¹ÝÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À½ÀÌ 440 HzÀÇ Áøµ¿¼ö¸¦ °¡Áöµµ·Ï °íÁ¤ÀÌ µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÌ´Ù.
 
¨è [We could fix 'A' at any frequency, such as 439 or 424; different standards were used in the time of Mozart than today.]¡¡¡¡¡Øin the time of Mozart:¸ðÂ¥¸£Æ® ½Ã´ë¿¡     ¢Ñ439³ª 424ó·³ ¾î¶² Áøµ¿¼ö¿¡µµ ¡®A'¸¦ °íÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í, (½ÇÁ¦·Î) ¿À´Ã³¯°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±âÁØÀÌ ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ®°¡ »ì¾Ò´ø ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.
 
¨é [Some people claim that the precise frequencies affect the overall sound of a musical piece and the sound of instruments.]    ¡Øthe precise frequencies:Á¤È®ÇÑ Áøµ¿¼ö ¡Øaffect: ~¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù.(=have an impact on, have an effect on, have an influence on)   ¡Øthe overall sound of a musical piece and the sound of instruments:¾Ç°îÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¾Ç±âÀÇ ¼Ò¸®(overall:Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ, musical piece:¾Ç°î instrument:¾Ç±â)      ¢Ñ¾î¶² À̵éÀº Á¤È®ÇÑ Áøµ¿¼ö°¡ ¾Ç°îÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¾Ç±âÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
 
¨ê [Led Zeppelin, (=a band popular in the 70s,) often tuned their instruments away from the modern A440 standard ¨çto give their music an uncommon sound, and perhaps ¨èto link it with the European children's folk songs that inspired many of their compositions.]     ¡Øtuned their instruments:¾Ç±âÀÇ À½À» ¸ÂÃß´Ù(Á¶À²ÇÏ´Ù)   ¡Øaway from the modern A440 standard:Çö´ëÀÇ A440 Ç¥ÁØ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª ¡Ø¨çto give their music an uncommon sound:±×µéÀÇ À½¾Ç¿¡ ÈçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷±â À§ÇØ ¡Ø¨èto link it with the European children¡¯s folk songs:±×°Í(ÀڽŵéÀÇ À½¾Ç)À» À¯·´ÀÇ ¹Î¼Ó µ¿¿ä¿Í ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ(children's song:µ¿¿ä, folk:¹Î¼ÓÀÇ) ¡Øthat:Àº ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î the European children's folk songsÀ» ¼±Çà»ç·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½ ¡Øinspire:¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ´Ù¡æ¨Úinspiration ¡Øcomposition:ÀÛÇ°, ÀÛ°î, ±¸¼º     ¢Ñ70³â´ëÀÇ Àα⠹êµå¿´´ø Led ZeppelinÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ À½¾Ç¿¡ ÈçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷°í ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°Í(ÀڽŵéÀÇ À½¾Ç)À» ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ¾ú´ø À¯·´ÀÇ ¹Î¼Ó µ¿¿ä¿Í ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°·Á°í Çö´ë A440 Ç¥ÁØ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª ¾Ç±âÀÇ À½À» ¸ÂÃß¾ú´Ù.
 
¨ë [Many purists insist on hearing baroque music on period instruments, both ¨çbecause the instruments have a different sound and ¨èbecause they are designed to play the music in its original tuning standard, (=) something that purists deem important.]     ¡Øinsist on ~ing:~À» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù  ¡Øperiod instrument:½Ã´ë ¾Ç±â, °í¾Ç±â(ÀÛ°î ´ç½Ã¿¡ ¾²¿´´ø ¾ç½ÄÀÇ ¾Ç±â)  ¡Ø¨çbecause the instruments have a different sound:¾Ç±â°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áö´Ï°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¡Ø¨èbecause they are designed to play the music in its original tuning standard:±× ¾Ç±âµéÀÌ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Á¶À²±âÁØÀ¸·Î À½¾ÇÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¡Øoriginal tuning standard:¿ø·¡ÀÇ Á¶À²±âÁØ ¡Øsomething that purists deem important:¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ°Ô ¿©±â´Â °Í(=original tuning standard:¿ø·¡ÀÇ Á¶À²±âÁØ) ¡Ødeem:°£ÁÖÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â´Ù.      ¢Ñ¸¹Àº ¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº ½Ã´ë ¾Ç±â·Î ¹Ù·ÎÅ© À½¾ÇÀ» µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϴµ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ±× ¾Ç±â°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áö´Ï°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ°í ±× ¾Ç±âµéÀÌ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Á¶À² ±âÁØ, Áï ¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î À½¾ÇÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
 
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*pitch:À½³ôÀÌ, Àú, °¡¶ô *frequency value:Áøµ¿¼ö, ÁÖÆļö note:À½,À½Á¶ *arbitrary:ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÎ, ÀÓÀÇÀÇ, ¸Ú´ë·ÎÀÇ *precise:Á¤¹ÐÇÑ *overall:Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ, ÀüºÎÀÇ *tune:Á¶À²ÇÏ´Ù,À½À» ¸ÂÃß´Ù, °î *uncommon ÈçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº *inspire:¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ´Ù¡æ¨Úinspiration *composition:ÀÛÇ°,ÀÛ°î,±¸¼º *purist:¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚ *period instrument:½Ã´ë ¾Ç±â, °í¾Ç±â(ÀÛ°î ´ç½Ã¿¡ ¾²¿´´ø ¾ç½ÄÀÇ ¾Ç±â) *deem: °£ÁÖÇÏ´Ù, ¿©±â´Ù
 
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
À½ ³ôÀÌÀÇ ¸íĪÀº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Áøµ¿°ª°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç ü°è´Â A440À̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Âµ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ¿ì¸®°¡ A¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â, ÇÇ¾Æ³ë °Ç¹ÝÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À½ÀÌ 440 HzÀÇ Áøµ¿¼ö¸¦ °¡Áöµµ·Ï °íÁ¤ÀÌ µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀÇÀûÀÌ´Ù. °¡·É 439³ª 424ó·³ ¾î¶² Áøµ¿¼ö¿¡µµ ¡®A'¸¦ °íÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í, (½ÇÁ¦·Î) ¿À´Ã³¯°ú ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±âÁØÀÌ ¸ðÂ÷¸£Æ®°¡ »ì¾Ò´ø ½Ã´ë¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶² À̵éÀº Á¤È®ÇÑ Áøµ¿¼ö°¡ ¾Ç°îÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¾Ç±âÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä£´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. 70³â´ëÀÇ Àα⠹êµå¿´´ø Led ZeppelinÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ À½¾Ç¿¡ ÈçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷°í ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°Í(ÀڽŵéÀÇ À½¾Ç)À» ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸¹Àº ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ¾ú´ø À¯·´ÀÇ ¹Î¼Ó µ¿¿ä¿Í ¿¬°ü½ÃÅ°·Á°í Çö´ë A440 Ç¥ÁØ¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª ¾Ç±âÀÇ À½À» ¸ÂÃß¾ú´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº ½Ã´ë ¾Ç±â·Î ¹Ù·ÎÅ© À½¾ÇÀ» µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϴµ¥, (±×°ÍÀº) ±× ¾Ç±â°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áö´Ï°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ°í ±× ¾Ç±âµéÀÌ ¿ø·¡ÀÇ Á¶À² ±âÁØ, Áï ¼ø¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©±â´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î À½¾ÇÀ» ¿¬ÁÖÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
 
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