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28. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ ºóÄ (A), (B)¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À.
To describe what happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge. Each cattle-owner seeks to (A) his gain and in doing so considers the relative advantage and disadvantage of adding one more animal to the herd. The advantage is that the cattle-owner receives the whole of the profit from the sale of the additional animal. The disadvantage is that the extra grazing contributes to the deterioration of the pasture. However, the disadvantage is shared among all the cattle-owners using the pasture, so the individual owner suffers only a fraction of the disadvantage. Consequently, the advantage is bound to (B) the disadvantage. Thus, it is inevitable that more and more animals will be brought onto the pasture until overgrazing totally destroys the pasture.
¨ç maximize ¡¦¡¦ equal ¨è distribute ¡¦¡¦ diminish
¨é maximize ¡¦¡¦ exceed ¨ê distribute ¡¦¡¦ outweigh
¨ë maximize ¡¦¡¦ minimize
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
(A) °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ±Ø´ëÈÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿ì¹Ç·Î maximize°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù. (B) ´õ ¸¹Àº °¡ÃàÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö·Î ¸ô·Á³ª¿Í ¸ñÃÊÁö°¡ ¸Á°¡Áø´Ù°í ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ´ÜÁ¡º¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù°í ÇØ¾ß ¹®¸Æ»ó ÀÚ¿¬½º·´´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¡°ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù¡±¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ exceed°¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [To describe what happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge.] ¡Øwhat happens to common resources: °øµ¿ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÀÏ¾î³ ÀÏ(whatÀº °ü°è´ë¸í»ç) ¡Øfree of charge °øÂ¥·Î, ¹«·á·Î ¡æ Àΰ£ÀÇ Å½¿åÀÇ °á°ú·Î °øµ¿ÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ Garrett HardinÀº ¸ðµç °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµéÀÌ ¹«·á·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡ÃàµéÀ» ¹æ¸ñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ñÃÊÁöÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù.
¨è [Each cattle-owner seeks to maximize his gain and (in doing so) considers the relative advantage and disadvantage of adding one more animal to the herd. ¡Øseeks¿Í considers´Â Á־ Each cattle-ownerÀÎ º´·Ä°ü°èÀÓ. ¡Øadd ¨Í to ¨Î: ¨Í¸¦ ¨Î¿¡ ´õÇÏ´Ù ¡æ °¢°¢ÀÇ °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ±Ø´ëÈÇϱ⸦ Ãß±¸Çϸç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, °¡ÃàÀ» ÇÑ ¸¶¸® ´õ ¹«¸®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ Àå´ÜÁ¡À» °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù.
¨é [The advantage is that the cattle-owner receives the whole of the profit from the sale of the additional animal.]
¡æ ÀåÁ¡Àº °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ´Â °¡ÃàÀÇ ÆǸſ¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â ÀÌÀÍ Àüü¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¨ê [The disadvantage is that the extra grazing contributes to the deterioration of the pasture.]
¡Ødeterioration ¾ÇÈ, ȲÆó ¡æ ´ÜÁ¡Àº Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¸ñÀº ¸ñÃÊÁö ¾ÇÈÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¨ë [However, the disadvantage is shared among all the cattle-owners (which are) using the pasture, so the individual owner suffers only a fraction of the disadvantage.] ¡æ ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ´ÜÁ¡Àº ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ °øÀ¯µÇ±â¿¡, °³º° ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÇ ºÒ°ú ÀϺθ¸À» °Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¨ì [Consequently, the advantage is bound to exceed the disadvantage.] ¡Ø be bound to: ¹Ýµå½Ã ~ÇÏ´Ù, Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ~ÇÏ´Ù ¡æ °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ´ÜÁ¡À» ÃÊ°úÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù.
¨í [Thus, it is inevitable that more and more animals will be brought onto the pasture until overgrazing totally destroys the pasture.] ¡Øit is inevitable that~: ~Àº ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øovergrazing: Áö³ªÄ£ ¹æ¸ñ ¡Øuntil overgrazing totally destroys the pasture: Áö³ªÄ£ ¹æ¸ñÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Æı« ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¡ç ½Ã°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀÓÀ¸·Î will destroy°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó destroysÀÓ¿¡ ÁÖÀÇ. ¡æ ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °¡ÃàÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö·Î ¸ô·Á³ª¿Í °á±¹ °úµµÇÑ ¹æ¸ñÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ÁÄ¡°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÏÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*greed Ž¿å *pasture ¸ñÃÊÁö *graze ¹æ¸ñÇÏ´Ù *grazing ¹æ¸ñ *charge ¿ä±Ý¡æ free of charge =for nothing °øÂ¥·Î *maximize ±Ø´ëÈÇÏ´Ù¡êminimize ÃÖ¼ÒÈÇÏ´Ù *relative »ó´ëÀûÀÎ, ºñ±³ÀûÀÎ *contributes to ~¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Ù *deterioration ¾ÇÈ *fraction ÀϺΠ*consequently °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î *exceed ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Ù *is bound to ~ Ʋ¸²¾øÀÌ ~ÇÏ´Ù *inevitable ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â *distribute ºÐ¹èÇÏ´Ù *diminish °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Ù
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
Àΰ£ÀÇ Å½¿åÀÇ °á°ú·Î °øµ¿ÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø¿¡ ÀϾ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§ÇØ Garrett HardinÀº ¸ðµç °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµéÀÌ ¹«·á·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡ÃàµéÀ» ¹æ¸ñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ñÃÊÁöÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ±Ø´ëÈÇϱ⸦ Ãß±¸Çϸç, ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, °¡ÃàÀ» ÇÑ ¸¶¸® ´õ ¹«¸®¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ Àå´ÜÁ¡À» °í·ÁÇÑ´Ù. ÀåÁ¡Àº °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ´Â °¡ÃàÀÇ ÆǸſ¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â ÀÌÀÍ Àüü¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÜÁ¡Àº Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ ¹æ¸ñÀº ¸ñÃÊÁö ¾ÇÈÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ´ÜÁ¡Àº ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °¡Ãà ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼ °øÀ¯µÇ±â¿¡, °³º° ¼ÒÀ¯ÁÖ´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÇ ºÒ°ú ÀϺθ¸À» °Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î, ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ´ÜÁ¡À» ÃÊ°úÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº °¡ÃàÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö·Î ¸ô·Á³ª¿Í °á±¹ °úµµÇÑ ¹æ¸ñÀÌ ¸ñÃÊÁö¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸ÁÄ¡°Ô µÇ´Â ÀÏÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
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