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In the early 1990s Norway introduced a carbon tax on emissions from energy, and it did seem to encourage environmental innovation. However, unexpected circumstances came when they tried to apply this approach globally. Agreeing on international taxes on emissions was notoriously hard, as we already know that the European Union has experienced terrible difficulties in trying to regularize the complex and myriad differences in its members¡¯ sales taxes. Besides, although Sweden, Finland, and Denmark barely decided to introduce carbon taxes during the 1990s, they have not harmonized their approaches with Norway or with each other. If such similar countries can¡¯t come to an agreement, there is little hope for doing so with the vastly more diverse countries in the rest of the world.
¨ç Reduce Carbon Emission, Rescue Earth
¨è No Exit Out of Fatal Carbon Emissions
¨é Global Carbon Tax: A Long Way to Go
¨ê Carbon Emissions: Not in My Backyard
¨ë Everlasting Conflict: Taxpayers vs. Collectors
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
¹è±â°¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇØ Åº¼Ò¼¼¸¦ ºÎ°úÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³ª¶óµé °£ÀÇ Çù»óÀº °¢ ³ª¶óÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÔÀå Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ½±°Ô ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î·Á¿î °úÁ¤À̶ó´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±ÛÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀº ¨é ¡®¼¼°è ź¼Ò¼¼: ¾ÕÀ¸·Î °¡¾ß ÇÒ ¸Õ ±æ¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ¨ç ź¼Ò ¹èÃâÀ» ÁÙ¿©¼ Áö±¸¸¦ ±¸ÇÏÀÚ ¨è Ä¡¸íÀûÀΠź¼Ò ¹èÃâ¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³¯ Ãⱸ°¡ ¾ø´Ù ¨ê ź¼Ò ¹èÃâ: ¿ì¸® µÞ¸¶´ç¿£ ½È¾î¿ä(Áö¿ª À̱âÁÖÀÇ) ¨ë ¿µ¿øÇÑ °¥µî: ³³¼¼ÀÚ ´ë ¡¼öÀÚ
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [In the early 1990s / Norway introduced a carbon tax / on emissions from energy, and it did seem to encourage environmental innovation. However, unexpected circumstances came / when they tried to apply this approach globally. ] ¡Ødid seem to:~ó·³ º¸ÀÌ´Ù, did´Â °Á¶ ¡Øunexpected circumstances: ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ »óȲ ¡æ1990³â´ë Ãʹݿ¡ ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ´Â ¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â ¹èÃâ°¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åº¼Ò¼¼¸¦ µµÀÔÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº Á¤¸» ȯ°æÀûÀÎ Çõ½ÅÀ» Àå·ÁÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» Àü ¼¼°è¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ »óȲÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù.
¨è [Agreeing on international taxes on emissions was notoriously hard, / as we already know that / the European Union has experienced terrible difficulties / in trying to regularize the complex and myriad differences / in its members¡¯ sales taxes.]
¡Ø international taxes on emissions: ¹èÃâ°¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¼¼±Ý ¡ØAgreeing: ÁÖ¾î, was: µ¿»ç ¡Øas we already know that~: ¿ì¸®°¡ thatÀÌÇϸ¦ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ¡Øin trying to regularize = when it tried to regularize Á¶Á¤ÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÒ ¶§ ¡Øthe complex and myriad differences: º¹ÀâÇÏ°íµµ ¹«¼öÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µé ¡æÀ¯·´¿¬ÇÕÀÌ È¸¿ø±¹µéÀÇ ÆǸż¼¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¹ÀâÇÏ°íµµ ¸¹Àº Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ½ÉÇÑ ¾î·Á¿òµéÀ» °æÇèÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³, ¹èÃâ°¡½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¼¼±Ý¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¾Ç¸íÀÌ ³ôÀ» Á¤µµ·Î Èûµé¾ú´Ù.
¨é [Besides, although Sweden, Finland, and Denmark barely decided to introduce carbon taxes during the 1990s, they have not harmonized their approaches / with Norway or with each other.] ¡ØBesides = in addition °Ô´Ù°¡ ¡Øbarely °¡±î½º·Î ¡æ °Ô´Ù°¡, ºñ·Ï ½º¿þµ§, Çɶõµå, ±×¸®°í µ§¸¶Å©°¡ 1990³â´ë¿¡ ź¼Ò¼¼¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡±î½º·Î °áÁ¤ÇßÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀº ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ¿Í ±×¸®°í ±×µé ¼·Î °£¿¡ Á¢±Ù ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇß´Ù
¨ê [If such similar countries can¡¯t come to an agreement, there is little hope for doing so / with the vastly more diverse countries / in the rest of the world.] ¡Øcome to an agreement:ÇÕÀÇÇÏ´Ù ¡Ødoing so = coming to an agreement ¡æ ±×·¯ÇÑ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¼¼°èÀÇ ³ª¸ÓÁö ÈξÀ ´õ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³ª¶óµéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ(ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ) °¡¸ÁÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*emission ¹èÃâ, ¹è±â°¡½º, ¹æÃâ *carbon tax ź¼Ò¼¼ *myriad[míriǝd] ¹«¼öÇÑ *innovation Çõ½Å *circumstance »óȲ, ȯ°æ *notoriously ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀ» Á¤µµ·Î *European Union À¯·´¿¬ÇÕ *regularize Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Ù, Á¶Á÷È ÇÏ´Ù *harmonize Á¶È½ÃÅ°´Ù, ÈÇÕ½ÃÅ°´Ù, ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÅ°´Ù barely °¡±î½º·Î *diverse ´Ù¾çÇÑ *Fatal Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ Not in My Backyard Áö¿ª À̱âÁÖÀÇ,´Ôºñ Çö»ó *Everlasting Conflict ¿µ¿øÇÑ °¥µî
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
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