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22. ´ÙÀ½ ±ÛÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À.
At some time in their lives, most people pause to reflect on their own moral principles and on the practical implications of those principles, and they sometimes think about what principles people should have or which moral standards can be best justified. When a person accepts a moral principle, naturally the person believes the principle is important and well justified. But there is more to moral principles than that. When a principle is part of a person¡¯s moral code, that person is strongly motivated toward the conduct required by the principle, and against behavior that conflicts with that principle. The person will tend to feel guilty when his or her own conduct violates that principle and to disapprove of others whose behavior conflicts with it. Likewise, the person will tend to hold in esteem those whose conduct shows an abundance of the motivation required by the principle.
¨ç Feeling Guilty? Check Your Self-Esteem First
¨è Do Not Let Your Moral Principles Change!
¨é Moral Integrity: A Principle of Philosophy
¨ê How Do People Form Their Personalities?
¨ë Moral Principles: Guiding Our Conduct
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
»ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢°ú ¾î¶² µµ´öÀû ±âÁØÀÌ °¡Àå Àß Á¤´ç鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í,
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â µµ´öÀû ±Ô¹ü¿¡ µû¶ó ÇൿÇÏ´Â µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ±ÛÀÇ Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î´Â ¨ë ¡®µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢: ¿ì¸® ÇൿÀÇ Áöħ¡¯ÀÌ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÔ. ¨ç ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À³¢´Â°¡? ¸ÕÀú ÀںνÉÀ» Á¡°ËÇ϶ó ¨è ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢À» º¯ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó! ¨é µµ´öÀû û·Å: öÇÐÀÇ ÇÑ ¿øÄ¢ ¨ê »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô Çü¼ºÇϴ°¡
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç At some time in their lives, most people pause to reflect on their own moral principles and on the practical implications of those principles,] ¡ØAt some time in their lives:ÀλýÀÇ ¾î¶² ½Ã±â¿¡ ¡Ø
pause to:Àá½Ã ¸ØÃß°í ~ÇÏ´Ù.
¡Ø
reflect on:~¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù, ~À» ¹Ý¼ºÇÏ´Ù. µÇµ¹¾Æ º¸´Ù.
¡Øtheir own moral principles:ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µµ´öÀûÀÎ ¿øÄ¢
(moral:µµ´öÀûÀΡêimmoral:ºÎµµ´öÇÑ, mortal:Á×À» ¿î¸íÀÇ ¡ê immortal:¿µ¿øºÒ¸êÀÇ) ¡Øthe practical implications of those principles:±×·¯ÇÑ ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ÇÔÃàÀû ÀǹÌ(practical:½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ, ½Ç¿ëÀûÀÎ, principle:¿ø¸®, ¿øÄ¢. principal:¿øÀå, ÁÖ¿äÇÑ)
¢ÑÀλýÀÇ ¾î¶² ½Ã±â¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢°ú ±× ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ÇÔÃàµÈ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇØ Àá½Ã ¸ØÃß¾î »ý°¢Çغ¸¸ç,
¨è [and they sometimes think about what principles people should have or which moral standards can be best justified.] ¡Ø
what principles people should have:»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¿øÄ¢À» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö
¡Ø
which moral standards can be best justified:¾î¶² µµ´öÀûÀÎ ±âÁØÀÌ Á¤´çÈ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¡Ø
be justified:Á¤´çÈ µÇ´Ù.
¢Ñ±×µéÀº ¶§¶§·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¿øÄ¢À» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² µµ´öÀûÀÎ ±âÁØÀÌ °¡Àå Àß Á¤´ç鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
¨é [
When a person accepts a moral principle, naturally the person believes (that) the principle is important and well justified. But there is more (to moral principles) than that.] ¡Ø
justified:Á¤´çÇÑ
¡Ø
to moral principles:µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢¿¡´Â
¢Ñ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¶§, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ´ç¿¬È÷ ±× ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ°í ¾ÆÁÖ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢¿¡´Â ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ê [When a principle is part of a person¡¯s moral code, that person is strongly motivated ¨Ítoward the conduct (which is) required by the principle, and ¨Îagainst behavior that conflicts with that principle.] ¡Ø
part of a person¡¯s moral code:¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ µµ´öÀûÀÎ ±Ô¹üÀÇ ÀϺÎ(moral code:µµ´ö±Ô¹ü)
¡Ø
be motivated ¨Í
toward~:~À» Çϵµ·Ï µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Ù.(motivate:µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Ù.)
¡Ø
be motivated ¨Î
against~:~¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¸»µµ·Ï µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Ù.
¡Øthe conduct
(which is) required by the principle:±× ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â Çൿ
¡Øbehavior that
conflicts with that principle:±× ¿øÄ¢°ú Ã浿ÇÏ´Â Çൿ(conflicts with: ~°ú ´ë¸³ÇÏ´Ù. Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Ù.) ¡Øbehavior/conduct:ÇàÀ§, Çൿ
¢Ñ¾î¶² ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ µµ´öÀû ±Ô¹üÀÇ ÀϺÎÀ̸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ±× ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÇൿÀ» Çϵµ·Ï, ±×¸®°í ±× ¿øÄ¢°ú Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â ÇൿÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï °ÇÏ°Ô µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Â´Ù.
¨ë [The person will tend to feel guilty when his or her own conduct violates that principle and (tend) to disapprove of others whose behavior conflicts with it.]¡¡¡¡¡¡ ¡Øtend to:~ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.(=have a tendency to) ¡Øfeel guilty:ÁËÀǽÄÀ» ´À³¢´Ù. ¡Øviolate:À§¹ÝÇÏ´Ù(¨Úviolation) ¡Ødisapprove of:~À» ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇØ ÇÏ´Ù, ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Ù ¡ê approve of:~À» ½ÂÀÎÇÏ´Ù. Âù¼ºÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øconflicts with:~°ú ´ë¸³ÇÏ´Ù. Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øwhose´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î ¼±Çà»ç´Â others. ¡Øit=that principle. ¢Ñ±× »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ±× ¿øÄ¢¿¡ À§¹èµÇ¸é ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À³¢´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°Í°ú Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇØ ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*reflect on:~¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù, ~À» ¹Ý¼ºÇÏ´Ù. µÇµ¹¾Æ º¸´Ù. *principle: ¿øÄ¢ cf)principal:ÁÖ¿äÇÑ, ±³Àå * implication:ÇÔÃàµÈ ÀǹÌ, ³»Æ÷, ÇÔÃà *justified:Á¤´çÇÑ *conduct:(ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àå¼Ò³ª »óȲ¿¡¼ÀÇ) Çൿ *violate:À§¹èµÇ´Ù, À§¹ÝÇÏ´Ù *disapprove of:~À» ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇØ ÇÏ´Ù, ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Ù ¡ê approve of: ~À» Âù¼ºÇÏ´Ù. *hold in esteem:~À» Á¸°æÇÏ´Ù(esteem, revere, respect, admire, worship, look up to)
4. Àü¹®Çؼ®
ÀλýÀÇ ¾î¶² ½Ã±â¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢°ú ±× ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ÇÔÃàµÈ Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇØ Àá½Ã ¸ØÃß¾î »ý°¢Çغ¸¸ç, ±×µéÀº ¶§¶§·Î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¿øÄ¢À» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¶Ç´Â ¾î¶² µµ´öÀûÀÎ ±âÁØÀÌ °¡Àå Àß Á¤´ç鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¶§, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ´ç¿¬È÷ ±× ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ°í ¾ÆÁÖ Á¤´çÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ µµ´öÀû ¿øÄ¢¿¡´Â ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÇ µµ´öÀû ±Ô¹üÀÇ ÀϺÎÀ̸é, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ±× ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÇൿÀ» Çϵµ·Ï, ±×¸®°í ±× ¿øÄ¢°ú Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â ÇൿÀº ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï °ÇÏ°Ô µ¿±â¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷Àº ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇൿÀÌ ±× ¿øÄ¢¿¡ À§¹èµÇ¸é ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À³¢´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ±×°Í°ú Ãæµ¹ÇÏ´Â ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷À» ¸ø¸¶¶¥ÇØ ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ±× ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â µ¿±â°¡ dzºÎÇÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÇൿÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» Á¸°æÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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