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31. ´ÙÀ½ ºóÄ¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¸»·Î °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ °ÍÀ» °í¸£½Ã¿À.[3Á¡]
The concept of humans doing multiple things at a time has been studied by psychologists since the 1920s, but the term ¡°multitasking¡± didn't exist until the 1960s. It was used to describe computers, not people. Back then, ten megahertz was so fast that a new word was needed to describe a computer¡¯s ability to quickly perform many tasks. In retrospect, they probably made a poor choice, for the expresion ¡°multitasking¡± is inherently deceptive. Multitasking is about multiple tasks alternately sharing one resource (the CPU), but in time the context was flipped and it became interpreted to mean multiple tasks being done simultaneously by one resource (a person). It was a clever turn of phrase that¡¯s misleading, for even computers can process only one piece of code at a time. When they ¡°multitask,¡± they switch back and forth, alternating their attention until both tasks are done. The speed with which computers tackle multiple tasks that everything happens at the same time, so comparing computers to humans can be confusing.
¨ç expels the myth ¨è feeds the illusion ¨é conceals the fact
¨ê proves the hypothesis ¨ë blurs the conviction
1. ³»¿ëÇ®ÀÌ
ÄÄÇ»Å͵µ ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ºÎÈ£¹Û¿¡ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ÇßÁö¸¸, ±× ó¸® ¼Óµµ°¡ ¸Å¿ì »¡¶ó ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÀÏÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº Âø°¢À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ºóÄ¿¡´Â ¨è¡®Âø°¢À» ÇÏ°Ô Çؼ¡¯°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
2. ±¸¹®Çؼ³
¨ç [The concept of humans doing multiple things at a time has been studied by psychologists since the 1920s, but the term ¡°multitasking¡± didn't exist until the 1960s.] ¡ØThe concept of (humans) doing multiple things at a time:Àΰ£ÀÌ ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °³³äÀº(ÁÖ¾îºÎ) ¡ØÀüÄ¡»ç ofÀÇ Àǹ̻óÀÇ ÁÖ¾î humans(´Ü¼ø ºÎÁ¤»ç:¸ñÀû°Ý) ¡Ømultiple:´Ù¼öÀÇ, ´Ù¾çÇÑ, ¹è¼öÀÇ cf)multiply:°öÇÏ´Ù, ¹è°¡ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øhas been studied:¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù(ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ¼öµ¿Çü) ¡ØsinceÀÇ °³³ä Àß ¾Ë¾Æ µÎ½Ã±æ: µÚ¿£ °ú°Å, ¾Õ¿£ ÇöÀç¿Ï·á^^. ¡Øpsychologist:½É¸®ÇÐÀÚ(psychology:½É¸®ÇÐ) ¡Ønot A until B:~Çؼ¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò ~ÇÏ´Ù(= It is not until B that A) ¡æ It was not until the 1960s that the term ¡°multitasking¡± exists. = Not until the 1960 did the term ¡°multitasking¡± exist. ¢ÑÀΰ£ÀÌ ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °³³äÀº 1920³â´ë ÀÌ·¡·Î ½É¸®ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿ÔÁö¸¸, ¡®¸ÖƼŽºÅ·¡¯À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â 1960³â´ë°¡ µÇ¾î¼¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¨è [It was used to describe computers, not people. Back then, ten megahertz was so fast that a new word was needed to describe a computer¡¯s ability to quickly perform many tasks.] ¡Øbe used to + ¨â:~Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Ù. cf)be used to ~ing(¸í»ç):~¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÏ´Ù(= be accustomed to), used to +¨â:~ÇÏ°ï Çß´Ù(°ú°ÅÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ ½À°üÀ̳ª »óÅÂ) ¡Ødescribe:¹¦»çÇÏ´Ù(¨Údescription) ¡Øso ~ that: ³Ê¹« ~Çؼ ~ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øwas needed to:~Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù(¹®¸Æ»ó ¼öµ¿ÇüÀÓ¿¡ À¯ÀÇ) ¡Øperform:¼öÇàÇÏ´Ù. ¢Ñ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ±â¼úÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§´Â 10¸Þ°¡Ç츣Ã÷°¡ ³Ê¹« »¡¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÏÀ» ºü¸£°Ô ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ±â¼úÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù.
¨é [In retrospect, they probably made a poor choice, for the __EXPRESSION__ ¡°multitasking¡± is inherently deceptive.] ¡ØIn retrospect:µ¹ÀÌÄÑ È¸»óÇØ º¸¸é(retrospect:ȸ°í, ȸ»ó) ¡Ømake a poor choice:À߸øµÈ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Ø,for = because ¡Øinherently:º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î, ¼±ÃµÀûÀÎ, Ÿ°í³ ¡Ødeceptive:°ÅÁþÀÇ, »ç±âÀÇ, ±â¸¸ÀûÀÎ(deceive:±â¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ¼ÓÀÌ´Ù.) ¢Ñµ¹ÀÌÄÑ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¸é, ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ÁÁÁö ¸øÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇßÀ» °ÍÀε¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¡®¸ÖƼŽºÅ·¡¯À̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¸¸ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
¨ê [Multitasking is about multiple tasks alternately sharing one resource (the CPU), but in time the context was flipped and it became interpreted to mean multiple tasks being done simultaneously by one resource (a person)] ¡Øabout multiple tasks:´Ù¼ö(¿©·¯°¡Áö)ÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¡Øalternately:¹ø°¥¾Æ ÇÏ´Â ¡Øin time:ÀÌÀ¹°í ¡Øflip:µÚÁý´Ù. µÚ¾þ´Ù. Åå Ä¡´Ù(be flipped:µÚÁý¾î Áö´Ù) ¡Øbecome(be, get) interpreted to:~Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÌÇصǴ٠¡Øinterpret:ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù, Çؼ®ÇÏ´Ù(be interpreted:Çؼ®µÇ´Ù. ÀÌÇصǴÙ) ¡Ømultiple tasks (which are) being done simultaneously by one resource (a person):´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø(»ç¶÷)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¡Øare being done:ÇöÀçÁøÇü¼öµ¿Çü ¡Øsimultaneously:µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¢Ñ¸ÖƼŽºÅ·Àº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø(CPU)À» ¹ø°¥¾Æ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀÌÀ¹°í ¸Æ¶ôÀÌ µÚ¹Ù²î¾ú°í ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø(»ç¶÷)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇصǾú´Ù.
¨ë [It was a clever turn of phrase that¡¯s misleading, for even computers can process only one piece of code at a time. When they ¡°multitask,¡± they switch back and forth, alternating their attention until both tasks are done] ¡Øa clever turn of phrase that¡¯s misleading:¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¼ÒÁö°¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³¹¦ÇÑ ¾î±¸ÀÇ Àüȯ(that:ÁÖ°Ý°ü°è´ë¸í»ç, misleading:¿ÀÇØÇϱ⠽¬¿î) ¡Øfor=because. ¡Øonly one piece of code:´ÜÁö ´Ü ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ºÎÈ£¸¸. ¡Øat a time:Çѹø¿¡(at one time) ¡Øswitch back and forth:¿Ô´Ù °¬´Ù ÇÏ¸ç ¹Ù²î´Ù.(switch:¹Ù²Ù´Ù, ÀüȯÇÏ´Ù. ½ºÀ§Ä¡¸¦ µ¹¸®´Ù, back and forth:¾ÕµÚ·Î, ¿Ô´Ù°¬´Ù, ÀÌ·¨´Ù Àú·¨´Ù) ¡Øalternating:¹ø°¥¾Æ Çϸé¼(alternate:¹ø°¥¾Æ ÀϾ´Ù, alternately:¹ø°¥¾Æ) ¡Øuntil both tasks are done:µÎ°³ÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ¢Ñ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¼ÒÁö°¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³¹¦ÇÑ ¾î±¸ÀÇ ÀüȯÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÁ¶Â÷ ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ´Ü ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ºÎÈ£¸¸À» ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¡®¸ÖƼŽºÅ·¡¯À» ÇÒ ¶§, ±×°ÍµéÀº µÎ °³ÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ÁÖÀÇ ÁýÁßÀ» ¹ø°¥¾Æ ÇÏ¸é¼ ¿Ô´Ù °¬´Ù ÇÏ¸ç ¹Ù²ï´Ù.
¨ì [The speed with which computers tackle multiple tasks feeds the illusion that everything happens at the same time, so comparing computers to humans can be confusing.] ¡ØThe speed:ÁÖ¾î, feeds:µ¿»ç, that:µ¿°Ý ¡Øat the same time:µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¡Øcompare A to B: A¸¦ B¿Í ºñÀ¯(ºñ±³)ÇÏ´Ù. ¡Øcan be confusing:È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¢ÑÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾٴ Âø°¢À» ÇÏ°Ô Çؼ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ Àΰ£°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3. ´Ü¾îÁ¤¸®
*multitasking:¸ÖƼŽºÅ·(´ÙÁßÀÛ¾÷) *in retrospect:µ¹ÀÌÄÑ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¸é *inherently:º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î(inherent:°íÀ¯ÀÇ, ¼±ÃµÀûÀÎ) *deceptive:±â¸¸ÀûÀÎ(deceive:¼ÓÀÌ´Ù, ±â¸¸ÇÏ´Ù.) *alternately:¹ø°¥¾Æ, ±³´ë·Î *context:¸Æ¶ô, ¹®¸Æ *flip:Åå Ä¡´Ù, È´ µÚÁý´Ù *interpret:ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Ù, Çؼ®ÇÏ´Ù simultaneously:µ¿½Ã¿¡ *misleading:¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¼ÒÁö°¡ ÀÖ´Â, ¿ÀµµÇÏ´Â *tackle:ó¸®ÇÏ´Ù, ´Ù·ç´Ù, ³íÀïÇÏ´Ù, ´Þ¶óºÙ´Ù. *confusing :È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î *expel:Ãß¹æÇÏ´Ù *feed:ÁÖ´Ù, ¸ÔÀÌ´Ù *illusion:Âø°¢, ¿ÀÇØ *conceal: °¨Ãß´Ù, ¼û±â´Ù* hypothesis[haipά¥èǝsis]:°¡¼³, °¡Á¤ *blur:È帮°Ô ÇÏ´Ù *conviction:È®½Å, ½Å³ä¡æ¨âconvince. *myth:½ÅÈ
4.Àü¹®Çؼ®
Àΰ£ÀÌ ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °³³äÀº 1920³â´ë ÀÌ·¡·Î ½É¸®ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿ÔÁö¸¸, ¡®¸ÖƼŽºÅ·¡¯À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â 1960³â´ë°¡ µÇ¾î¼¾ß ºñ·Î¼Ò Á¸ÀçÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ±â¼úÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§´Â 10¸Þ°¡Ç츣Ã÷°¡ ³Ê¹« »¡¶ó¼ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ÀÏÀ» ºü¸£°Ô ¼öÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ±â¼úÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î ´Ü¾î°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇß´Ù. µ¹ÀÌÄÑ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¸é, ±×µéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ÁÁÁö ¸øÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇßÀ» °ÍÀε¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¡®¸ÖƼŽºÅ·¡¯À̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¸¸ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÖƼŽºÅ·Àº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø(CPU)À» ¹ø°¥¾Æ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, ÀÌÀ¹°í ¸Æ¶ôÀÌ µÚ¹Ù²î¾ú°í ±×°ÍÀº ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ¿ø(»ç¶÷)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼öÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇصǾú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÀÇØÀÇ ¼ÒÁö°¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³¹¦ÇÑ ¾î±¸ÀÇ ÀüȯÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÁ¶Â÷ ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ ´Ü ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ºÎÈ£¸¸À» ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¡®¸ÖƼŽºÅ·¡¯À» ÇÒ ¶§, ±×°ÍµéÀº µÎ °³ÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ³¡³¯ ¶§±îÁö ÁÖÀÇ ÁýÁßÀ» ¹ø°¥¾Æ ÇÏ¸é¼ ¿Ô´Ù °¬´Ù ÇÏ¸ç ¹Ù²ï´Ù. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¼Óµµ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀϾٴ Âø°¢À» ÇÏ°Ô Çؼ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ Àΰ£°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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